As an alternative to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), increasing usage of perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) has led to ubiquitous presence in the environment. PFBS is also shown to potently disrupt the thyroid endocrine system. Considering the regulation of thyroid hormones in visual development, PFBS is likely to adversely affect the development and function of visual systems, which is a sensitive target of environmental pollutants. Therefore, the present study exposed marine medaka embryos to environmentally realistic concentrations of PFBS (0, 1.0, 2.9 and 9.5 μg/L) for an entire life-cycle. After exposure until sexual maturity, eyes of adult medaka were dissected to directly investigate the ocular accumulation and toxicity of PFBS. For the first time, substantial accumulation of an environmental pollutant (i.e., PFBS) was observed in the eye tissue. PFBS exposure was also found to impair the visual development and function in a sex-dependent manner. In female medaka, weight of eyes was significantly decreased, while content of water was increased, probably resulting in higher intraocular pressure. Multiple neural signaling processes were also disturbed by PFBS life-cycle exposure, including cholinergic, glutamatergic, GABAergic and monoaminergic systems. Increased levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine neurotransmitters may adaptively decrease the intraocular hypertension in female eyes. In addition, proteomic profiling identified the visual proteins of differential expressions (e.g., beta and gamma crystallins, arrestin and lumican), which were significantly associated with visual perception and motor activity of eyes. Overall, this study found that PFBS was able to accumulate in the eyes and induce ocular toxicities. The susceptibility and sex-specific responses of visual systems to environmental pollutants warrants more works for a comprehensive risk assessment.

作为全氟辛烷磺酸盐（PFOS）的替代品，全氟丁烷磺酸盐（PFBS）的使用增加已导致环境中普遍存在。PFBS还显示可以有效破坏甲状腺内分泌系统。考虑到视觉发育中甲状腺激素的调节，PFBS可能会对视觉系统的发育和功能产生不利影响，而视觉系统是环境污染物的敏感目标。因此，本研究在整个生命周期中将海洋marine高胚胎暴露于环境现实浓度的PFBS（0、1.0、2.9和9.5μg/ L）。暴露至性成熟后，解剖成年的眼睛，以直接研究PFBS的眼部蓄积和毒性。首次大量积累环境污染物（即 在眼组织中观察到PFBS）。还发现，PFBS暴露会以性别依赖性的方式损害视觉发育和功能。在雌性aka中，眼睛的重量明显减少，而水的含量增加，可能导致眼压升高。PFBS生命周期暴露也干扰了多种神经信号传导过程，包括胆碱能，谷氨酸能，GABA能和单胺能系统。去甲肾上腺素和肾上腺素神经递质水平的增加可适应性降低女性眼睛的眼内高压。另外，蛋白质组学分析鉴定了差异表达的视觉蛋白（例如，β和γ晶状蛋白，抑制蛋白和发光素），这些蛋白与视觉感知和眼睛的运动活动显着相关。全面的，这项研究发现，PFBS能够在眼睛中积累并引起眼毒性。视觉系统对环境污染物的敏感性和针对性别的反应，需要进行更多的工作以进行全面的风险评估。