Abstract Conservation scientists produce knowledge that is destined to inform conservation action. There is however a widespread perception that a “knowing-to-doing” gap hinders the uptake of knowledge for conservation action. Vague reasoning on who is to take action is pointed here as a significant component of that problem. As conservation scientists discuss options on how to bridge that gap, they have to reflect on issues of agency and organization: who do they see as taking action? What does significant action essentially consist in? And what is the fundamental structure of the relations and power dynamics between the actors involved? Based on such questions, we propose here a typology of six underlying conceptual models of organized action that are used (implicitly or explicitly) to reflect and debate on action for conservation. We analyse the system of crossed critiques that result from the differences in their premises on agency and organization. This clarification allows a better understanding of recurrent controversies in the conservation field, and can help conservation scientists be more explicit about their strategic choices as they increasingly focus on the kind of action they want their research to inform.

中文翻译：

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谁可操作的知识？有组织的保护行动的基本模式

摘要 保护科学家产生的知识注定会为保护行动提供信息。然而，人们普遍认为，“知行合一”的差距阻碍了保护行动对知识的吸收。关于谁将采取行动的模糊推理在这里被指出为该问题的重要组成部分。当保护科学家讨论如何弥合这一差距的选项时，他们必须反思机构和组织的问题：他们认为谁在采取行动？重大行动的本质是什么？参与者之间的关系和权力动态的基本结构是什么？基于这些问题，我们在这里提出了六种有组织行动的基本概念模型的类型学，这些模型用于（隐式或显式）反映和辩论保护行动。我们分析了交叉批评系统，这些批评系统是由于他们在机构和组织的前提上的差异而产生的。这种澄清有助于更好地理解保护领域中反复出现的争议，并且可以帮助保护科学家更明确地了解他们的战略选择，因为他们越来越关注他们希望他们的研究提供信息的行动类型。