Abstract A new convective turbulent dust emission (CTDE) empirical parameterization scheme was developed and validated using the observational data of dust concentrations and meteorological parameters over the Horqin Sandy Land area. Moreover, different CTDE schemes were compared and discussed. The statistical results from the observations in 2016 showed that the proportion of dust emission fluxes emitted by CTDE is 27% for all dust emission which indicates that the significance of CTDE events for the contribution of atmospheric dust aerosols. In addition, dust emission fluxes emitted by CTDE constituted up to 78% of the total dust emission fluxes due to direct aerodynamic entrainment, which verified that CTDE is indeed the most important and major form of aerodynamic entrainment dust emission. A new CTDE empirical parameterization scheme ( F m o d = 2.93 × w ∗ 1.5 , where w ∗ is the convective velocity scale), was established and validated based on nine typical CTDE events observed at the Horqin site in 2016, and the model predictions of the new CTDE scheme were in a good agreement with the observations both in magnitude and variation. The results of the model predictions using the MK14 scheme and Li scheme were also good, but their schemes exaggerated the impact of shear-driven turbulence, which caused discrepancies between the new empirical parameterization scheme and the MK14 scheme. Moreover, effects of soil moisture on CTDE were investigated in this study, and the results showed that there was no obvious relationship between soil moisture content and F o b s during CTDE events. This finding was likely because only dust particles in the upper few millimeters of the soil surface, where soil moisture content was relatively low in semi-arid region, can be emitted into the atmosphere during CTDE events due to weak wind speeds. In addition, compared with the saltation-bombardment and/or aggregation-disintegration dust emission (SADE) event, the process of a CTDE event may be aerodynamic lift limitation, not supply limitation.

中文翻译：

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科尔沁沙地对流湍流沙尘排放(CTDE)沙尘通量参数化

摘要 利用科尔沁沙地地区沙尘浓度和气象参数的观测数据，开发并验证了一种新的对流湍流沙尘排放（CTDE）经验参数化方案。此外，对不同的 CTDE 方案进行了比较和讨论。2016 年观测统计结果表明，CTDE 排放的沙尘通量占所有沙尘排放量的 27%，表明 CTDE 事件对大气沙尘气溶胶贡献的显着性。此外，由于直接空气动力夹带，CTDE 排放的粉尘排放通量占总粉尘排放通量的 78%，这证实 CTDE 确实是空气动力夹带粉尘排放的最重要和主要形式。基于 2016 年科尔沁现场观测到的 9 次典型 CTDE 事件以及模型预测，建立并验证了一种新的 CTDE 经验参数化方案（F mod = 2.93 × w ∗ 1.5，其中 w ∗ 为对流速度标度）。新的 CTDE 方案在幅度和变化上都与观测结果非常吻合。使用MK14方案和Li方案的模型预测结果也不错，但它们的方案夸大了剪切驱动湍流的影响，导致新的经验参数化方案与MK14方案之间存在差异。此外，本研究还研究了土壤水分对 CTDE 的影响，结果表明，在 CTDE 事件期间，土壤水分含量与 F obs 之间没有明显的关系。这一发现很可能是因为在 CTDE 事件期间，由于风速较弱，只有土壤表面上部几毫米的灰尘颗粒（半干旱地区土壤水分含量相对较低）可以排放到大气中。此外，与跃迁轰击和/或聚集解体粉尘排放（SADE）事件相比，CTDE事件的过程可能是气动升力限制，而不是供应限制。