The scope and current investment for forest landscape restoration (FLR) is great, as are the demands put upon it for improving livelihoods and well-being. International leaders have pledged 350 Mha for FLR as part of international sustainability agendas. FLR is implemented primarily through incentives and institutions, with an emphasis on the role of active planting and land tenure reforms. Despite recent attention and a growing literature that assesses the contributions of FLR and related projects to livelihood and well-being, there is a dearth of evidence linking FLR to social, economic, or political outcomes. We present a simple framework to understand environmental and social effects of FLR interventions and we review the evidence linking FLR to livelihood and well-being outcomes. We suggest that to enhance benefits to local populations from FLR, it is necessary to better integrate socioeconomic and political data into FLR planning and implementation, to increase the role of informational implementation, and to develop monitoring and evaluation protocols to assess direct and indirect environmental and social impacts from FLR projects.

森林景观恢复（FLR）的范围和当前投资很大，对改善生计和福祉的要求也很高。国际领导人已为FLR认捐350 Mha，作为国际可持续发展议程的一部分。FLR主要通过激励机制和制度来实施，重点是积极种植和土地权属改革的作用。尽管最近受到关注，并且有越来越多的文献评估FLR和相关项目对生计和福祉的贡献，但仍缺乏将FLR与社会，经济或政治成果联系起来的证据。我们提供了一个简单的框架来理解FLR干预的环境和社会影响，并且我们回顾了将FLR与生计和福祉成果联系起来的证据。