Lipid regulators are among the most prescribed human pharmaceuticals worldwide. Gemfibrozil, which belongs to this class of pharmaceuticals, is one of the most frequently encountered in the aquatic environment. However, there is limited information concerning the mechanisms involved in gemfibrozil effects to aquatic organisms, particularly to marine organisms. Based on this knowledge gap, the current study aimed to assess biochemical and behavioral effects following a sublethal exposure to gemfibrozil (1.5, 15, 150, 1500 and 15,000 μg L⁻¹) in the estuarine/marine fish Sparus aurata. After the exposure to 1.5 μg L⁻¹ of gemfibrozil, fish had reduced ability to swim against a water flow and increased lipid peroxidation in the liver. At concentrations between 15–15,000 μg L⁻¹, the activities of some enzymes involved in antioxidant defense were induced, appearing to be sufficient to prevent oxidative damage. Depending on the organ, different responses to gemfibrozil were displayed, with enzymes like catalase being more stimulated in gills, whereas glutathione peroxidase was more activated in liver. Although there were no obvious concentration-response relationships, the integrated biomarker response version 2 (IBRv2) analysis revealed that the highest concentrations of gemfibrozil (between 150–15,000 μg L⁻¹) caused more alterations. All the tested concentrations of gemfibrozil induced effects in S. aurata, in terms of behavior and/or oxidative stress responses. Oxidative damage was found at a concentration that is considered environmentally relevant, suggesting a potential of this pharmaceutical to impact fish populations.

脂质调节剂是全世界处方最广泛的人类药物之一。属于此类药物的吉非贝齐（Gemfibrozil）是水生环境中最常遇到的药物之一。然而，关于吉非贝齐对水生生物，特别是对海洋生物的作用机理的信息很少。基于这一知识差距，当前的研究旨在评估在河口/海洋鱼类Sparus aurata中亚致死性暴露于吉非贝齐（1.5、15、150、1500和15,000μgL ^-1）后的生化和行为影响。暴露于1.5μgL ^-1后在使用吉非贝齐时，鱼类抵抗水流的游泳能力降低，肝脏中的脂质过氧化增加。在15-15,000μgL ^-1之间的浓度下，诱导了一些参与抗氧化剂防御的酶的活性，似乎足以防止氧化损伤。根据器官的不同，对吉非贝齐的反应也不同，g中的过氧化氢酶等酶的刺激性更高，而肝脏中的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的激活性更高。尽管没有明显的浓度-反应关系，但综合的生物标志物反应版本2（IBRv2）分析显示，最高浓度的吉非贝齐（介于150-15,000μgL ^-1之间）引起了更多改变。所有测试浓度的吉非贝齐在体内引起的作用就行为和/或氧化应激反应而言，金黄色葡萄球菌。发现氧化损伤的浓度与环境有关，表明该药物可能影响鱼类种群。