Abstract The spray forming of thick, dissimilar steel clad tubes with the objective of achieving a high integrity metallurgical bond across the cladding-substrate interface able to withstand residual stresses and subsequent thermo-mechanical processing was investigated by large scale experiments, modelling and extensive microstructural characterization including microscopy, X-ray tomography, neutron scattering and mechanical testing. The simulated residual stress distributions across the cladding-substrate interface, accounting for any as-sprayed porosity and the distribution of martensitic and retained austenite phases, were compared with neutron diffraction measurements and differences used to infer the load transfer behaviour and thus the mechanical integrity of the interface. The mechanical properties of the interfaces were then also measured directly by shear testing. The link between substrate pre-heating, the spray forming temperature, and the resulting preform temperature, porosity, phase fractions, residual stress, strength and integrity of the interface were established and quantified explicitly.

中文翻译：

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喷射成形异种钢界面结合的建模和中子衍射表征

摘要 通过大规模实验、建模和广泛的微观结构表征，对厚的异种钢复合管的喷射成形进行了研究，目的是在能够承受残余应力和随后的热机械加工的覆盖层 - 基材界面上实现高度完整性的冶金结合。包括显微镜、X 射线断层扫描、中子散射和机械测试。覆盖层-基材界面上的模拟残余应力分布（考虑了任何喷涂孔隙率以及马氏体和残余奥氏体相的分布）与中子衍射测量值和用于推断载荷传递行为的差异进行了比较，从而推断了材料的机械完整性界面。然后还通过剪切测试直接测量界面的机械性能。基材预热、喷涂成型温度和由此产生的预成型温度、孔隙率、相分数、残余应力、强度和界面完整性之间的联系被明确地建立和量化。