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Fractal-like Tar Ball Aggregates from Wildfire Smoke
Environmental Science & Technology Letters ( IF 8.9 ) Pub Date : 2018-05-24 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.8b00229 Giulia Girotto 1, 2 , Swarup China 1, 3 , Janarjan Bhandari 1 , Kyle Gorkowski 1, 4 , Barbara V. Scarnato 1, 5 , Tyler Capek 1 , Angela Marinoni 6 , Daniel P. Veghte 3 , Gourihar Kulkarni 7 , Allison C. Aiken 4 , Manvendra Dubey 4 , Claudio Mazzoleni 1
Environmental Science & Technology Letters ( IF 8.9 ) Pub Date : 2018-05-24 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.8b00229 Giulia Girotto 1, 2 , Swarup China 1, 3 , Janarjan Bhandari 1 , Kyle Gorkowski 1, 4 , Barbara V. Scarnato 1, 5 , Tyler Capek 1 , Angela Marinoni 6 , Daniel P. Veghte 3 , Gourihar Kulkarni 7 , Allison C. Aiken 4 , Manvendra Dubey 4 , Claudio Mazzoleni 1
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Tar balls are atmospheric particles that are abundant in slightly aged biomass burning smoke and have a significant, but highly uncertain, role in Earth’s radiative balance. Tar balls are typically detected using electron microscopy and generally, they are observed as individual spheres. Here, we report new observations of a significant fraction of tar ball aggregates (∼27% by number) from samples collected in a plume of the Whitewater-Baldy Complex fire in New Mexico. The structure of these aggregates is fractal-like and follows a scale invariant power law similar to that of soot particles, despite the considerably larger size and smaller number of monomers. We also present observations of tar ball aggregates from four other geographical locations, including a remote high-elevation site in the North Atlantic Ocean. Aggregation affects the particle optical properties and, therefore, their climatic impact. We performed numerical simulations based on the observed morphology and estimated the effects of aggregation on the optical properties of the tar balls. On the basis of single-particle numerical simulations, we find that aggregates had a single scattering albedo up to 41% and 23% higher than that of individual tar balls at 550 nm and 350 nm, respectively.
中文翻译：
野火烟气中的分形状焦油球聚集体
焦油球是一种大气颗粒，富含在稍稍老化的燃烧烟气的生物质中，并且在地球的辐射平衡中具有重要但高度不确定的作用。通常使用电子显微镜检测焦油球，并且通常将它们观察为单个球体。在这里，我们报告了在新墨西哥州Whitewater-Baldy复杂火灾的烟羽中收集的样本中发现的相当大比例的tar球团聚体（约占数量的27％）。这些聚集体的结构是分形的，并且遵循规模不变的幂定律，类似于烟灰颗粒的定律，尽管单体的尺寸大得多且数量少。我们还介绍了来自其他四个地理位置（包括北大西洋一个偏远的高海拔站点）的沥青球聚集体的观测结果。聚集会影响粒子的光学性能，并因此影响其气候影响。我们根据观察到的形态进行了数值模拟，并估算了聚集对焦油球光学性能的影响。在单颗粒数值模拟的基础上，我们发现，聚集体的单个散射反照率分别比550 nm和350 nm的单个焦油球的散射率高41％和23％。
更新日期：2018-05-25
中文翻译：
野火烟气中的分形状焦油球聚集体
焦油球是一种大气颗粒，富含在稍稍老化的燃烧烟气的生物质中，并且在地球的辐射平衡中具有重要但高度不确定的作用。通常使用电子显微镜检测焦油球，并且通常将它们观察为单个球体。在这里，我们报告了在新墨西哥州Whitewater-Baldy复杂火灾的烟羽中收集的样本中发现的相当大比例的tar球团聚体（约占数量的27％）。这些聚集体的结构是分形的，并且遵循规模不变的幂定律，类似于烟灰颗粒的定律，尽管单体的尺寸大得多且数量少。我们还介绍了来自其他四个地理位置（包括北大西洋一个偏远的高海拔站点）的沥青球聚集体的观测结果。聚集会影响粒子的光学性能，并因此影响其气候影响。我们根据观察到的形态进行了数值模拟，并估算了聚集对焦油球光学性能的影响。在单颗粒数值模拟的基础上，我们发现，聚集体的单个散射反照率分别比550 nm和350 nm的单个焦油球的散射率高41％和23％。
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