Abstract The perception of food as a snack or a meal influences later caloric consumption (Capaldi, Owens, & Privitera, 2006). In the past 40 years, the intake of snacks increased and main meals decreased in American adults (Kant & Graubard, 2015), but gender differences in which foods are perceived as snacks vs. meals has not been directly investigated. Here, we asked a college-aged sample of men and women to categorize a list of foods as snacks or meals. Two follow-up studies were also conducted that offered a greater assortment of food and the addition of more complex answer choices. All surveys showed that men categorized more foods as snacks as compared to women, particularly sweet and energy-dense foods. These results suggest that snack and meal perceptions by men and women may be reflective of actual eating patterns.

中文翻译：

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与女性相比，大学男性将更多的食物视为零食

摘要 将食物视为零食或正餐会影响后来的热量消耗（Capaldi、Owens 和 Privitera，2006 年）。在过去的 40 年中，美国成年人的零食摄入量增加，主餐减少（Kant & Graubard，2015），但尚未直接调查将食物视为零食与正餐的性别差异。在这里，我们询问了一个大学年龄的男性和女性样本，将一份食物清单归类为零食或正餐。还进行了两项后续研究，提供更多种类的食物和更复杂的答案选择。所有调查都表明，与女性相比，男性将更多食物归类为零食，尤其是甜食和高能量食物。这些结果表明，男性和女性对零食和膳食的看法可能反映了实际的饮食模式。