Background

Bioactive compounds possess plenty of health benefits, but they are chemically unstable and susceptible to oxidative degradation. The application of pure bioactive compounds is also very limited in food and drug formulations due to their fast release, low solubility, and poor bioavailability. Encapsulation can preserve the bioactive compounds from environmental stresses, improve physicochemical functionalities, and enhance their health-promoting and anti-disease activities.

Scope and approach

Micro and nano-encapsulation based techniques and systems have great importance in food and pharmaceutical industries. This review highlights the recent advances in micro and nano-encapsulation of bioactive compounds. We comprehensively discussed the importance of encapsulation, the application of biopolymer-based carrier agents and lipid-based transporters with their functionalities, suitability of encapsulation techniques in micro and nano-encapsulation, as well as different forms of improved and novel micro and nano-encapsulate systems.

Key findings and conclusions

Both micro and nano-encapsulation have an extensive application, but nano-encapsulation can be a promising approach for encapsulation purposes. Maltodextrin in combination with gums or other polysaccharides or proteins can offer an advantageous formulation for the encapsulation of bioactive compounds by using encapsulation techniques. Electro-spinning and electro-spraying are promising technologies in micro and nano-encapsulation, while solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructure lipid carriers are exposing themselves as the promising and new generation of lipid nano-carriers for bioactive compounds. Moreover, phytosome, nano-hydrogel, and nano-fiber are also efficient and novel nano-vehicles for bioactive compounds. Further studies are required for the improvement of existing encapsulate systems and exploring their application in food and gastrointestinal systems for industrial application.

中文翻译：

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使用生物聚合物和基于脂质的转运蛋白对生物活性化合物进行微纳封装的研究进展

背景

生物活性化合物具有许多健康益处，但是它们在化学上不稳定并且易于氧化降解。由于它们的快速释放，低溶解度和不良的生物利用度，纯生物活性化合物在食品和药物制剂中的应用也受到很大限制。包封可以使生物活性化合物免受环境压力的影响，改善理化功能，并增强其促进健康和抗疾病的活性。

范围和方法

基于微囊和纳米囊的技术和系统在食品和制药行业中非常重要。这篇综述着重介绍了生物活性化合物的微囊化和纳米囊化的最新进展。我们全面讨论了封装的重要性，基于生物聚合物的载体试剂和基于脂​​质的转运蛋白及其功能，封装技术在微纳米封装中的适用性以及改进和新颖的微纳米封装的不同形式系统。

主要发现和结论

微封装和纳米封装都有广泛的应用，但是纳米封装对于封装目的可能是一种有前途的方法。麦芽糖糊精与树胶或其他多糖或蛋白质的组合可以提供有利的制剂，用于通过使用包封技术来包封生物活性化合物。电纺丝和电喷雾技术是微囊化和纳米囊化中的有前途的技术，而固体脂质纳米颗粒和纳米结构脂质载体正将自身暴露为生物活性化合物的有前途的新一代脂质纳米载体。此外，植物小体，纳米水凝胶和纳米纤维也是有效且新颖的用于生物活性化合物的纳米载体。