In this work, a novel ultrasonic-assisted thermal cracking method for improving the yield of light oil from the thermal cracking of Huizhou atmospheric residue (HAR) is proposed and demonstrated. To achieve this, a self-developed autoclave ultrasonic reactor (20 kHz; 200 W) was designed. Gas chromatography (GC), and elemental analyser (EA) were employed to analyse the composition of gaseous and liquid products after the cracking of residual oil. Compared to the traditional thermal cracking process under similar conditions (430 °C; 8 MPa; 2 hr), the ultrasonic-based process produced lower gas products (ca. 0.6%), higher gasoline and diesel fractions (ca. 10%), vacuum residue, and lower yield of coke yield (ca. 4%). In addition, coke produced by the ultrasonic-assisted thermal cracking method exhibited spherical morphology with narrow size distribution and smooth surface with small amounts of adsorbents attached to it. The derivative characteristic peak (101 crystal face) at 2θ of 43.56° belonged to α-graphite. The abnormal high local temperature and pressure conditions produced by ultrasonication were the key factors for the thermal cracking of residual oil. The experimental results indicated that the ultrasonic-assisted thermal cracking can dramatically lead to higher yield of light oil, higher degree of cleavage, and more favourable reactions under the same conditions (as those of traditional thermal cracking). Therefore, compared to the traditional delayed coking process, the proposed ultrasonic-assisted technology can significantly decrease the power consumption. This study has vital significance in predicting and enhancing the performance of thermal cracking on a large scale.

在这项工作中，提出并论证了一种新型的超声辅助热裂解方法，该方法可以提高惠州常压渣油热裂解产生的轻质油的收率。为此，设计了一个自行开发的高压釜超声反应器（20 kHz； 200 W）。气相色谱法（GC）和元素分析仪（EA）用于分析残油裂解后的气态和液态产物的组成。与在类似条件下（430°C; 8 MPa; 2 hr）的传统热裂解工艺相比，基于超声波的工艺产生的气体产物较低（约0.6％），汽油和柴油馏分较高（约10％），真空残渣，降低焦炭收率（ca。4％）。另外，通过超声辅助热裂解法生产的焦炭显示出球形形态，具有狭窄的尺寸分布和光滑的表面，并附着有少量的吸附剂。在2的衍生物的特征峰（101晶面）θ的43.56°属于α-石墨。超声产生的异常高局部温度和压力条件是残油热裂解的关键因素。实验结果表明，在相同条件下（与传统热裂化条件相同），超声辅助热裂化可显着提高轻油的产率，裂解程度和更有利的反应。因此，与传统的延迟焦化工艺相比，所提出的超声辅助技术可以显着降低功耗。这项研究对于大规模预测和增强热裂化性能具有至关重要的意义。