AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, cause oxidative stress that strongly affects aging and various diseases. Although various antioxidants have been developed to eliminate ROS, they cause serious problems by destroying important redox reactions in normal cells. We designed redox polymers with antioxidants covalently bonded to them. These polymers, with a self-assembling property, form nanoparticles in aqueous media (redox nanoparticles; RNPs), suppress uptake into normal cells, accumulate at inflammation sites, and effectively prevent ROS-related diseases. As such, RNPs have been found to be effective in preventing diseases involving ROS, such as myocardial and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injuries, ulcerative colitis, and cancer. Redox polymers have several other applications. We designed redox injectable gels (RIGs), which transform from flowable solution at ambient temperature to gel at body temperature under the physiological conditions. RIGs can be applied for suppression of local inflammation, such as periodontitis. RIGs can also be used in anti-tissue adhesion sprays applied after physical surgery. Redox polymers can also be used as a surface coating of biodevices to make them blood compatible. This review summarizes the synthesis and application of these redox polymers.Amphiphilic block polymers having nitroxide radicals (TEMPO) self-assemble in water to form nanoparticles. This is a new nanomedicine that avoids the adverse effects of conventional antioxidants, which destroy the intracellular redox environment, and makes it possible to treat various oxidative-stress-related diseases such as cerebral or cardiovascular ischemia-reperfusions, Alzheimer’s disease and cancer. In addition, we have designed a gelation function in these materials and developed them as a material for anti-tissue adhesion agents and periodontal diseases. Additionally, we succeeded in enhancing cultured cell functions using an antioxidant biointerface.

中文翻译：

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纳米医学氧化还原聚合物的设计与应用

摘要 活性氧（ROS），如超氧化物和羟基自由基，会引起氧化应激，强烈影响衰老和各种疾病。尽管已经开发出多种抗氧化剂来消除 ROS，但它们会破坏正常细胞中重要的氧化还原反应，从而导致严重的问题。我们设计了抗氧化剂共价键合的氧化还原聚合物。这些具有自组装特性的聚合物在水性介质中形成纳米颗粒（氧化还原纳米颗粒；RNPs），抑制正常细胞的摄取，在炎症部位积聚，并有效预防 ROS 相关疾病。因此，已发现 RNP 可有效预防与 ROS 相关的疾病，例如心肌和脑缺血再灌注损伤、溃疡性结肠炎和癌症。氧化还原聚合物还有其他几种应用。我们设计了氧化还原可注射凝胶 (RIG)，它在生理条件下从环境温度下的可流动溶液转变为体温下的凝胶。RIG 可用于抑制局部炎症，例如牙周炎。RIG 还可用于物理手术后应用的抗组织粘连喷雾剂。氧化还原聚合物还可用作生物设备的表面涂层，使其与血液相容。本综述总结了这些氧化还原聚合物的合成和应用。具有氮氧自由基（TEMPO）的两亲嵌段聚合物在水中自组装形成纳米颗粒。这是一种新型纳米药物，可避免传统抗氧化剂破坏细胞内氧化还原环境的不利影响，并使治疗各种氧化应激相关疾病成为可能，例如脑或心血管缺血再灌注、阿尔茨海默病和癌症。此外，我们在这些材料中设计了凝胶化功能，并将其开发为用于抗组织粘连剂和牙周病的材料。此外，我们成功地使用抗氧化生物界面增强了培养细胞的功能。