Identification of crystal nucleation and growth pathways is of fundamental importance for synthesis of functional materials, which requires control over size, orientation, polymorph, and hierarchical structure, often in the presence of additives used to tune the energy landscape defining these pathways. Herein we summarize the recent progress in application of in situ TEM and AFM techniques to monitor or even tune the pathway of crystal nucleation and growth.

中文翻译：

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用原位显微镜技术研究电解质溶液中的成核和相变途径

晶体成核和生长途径的鉴定对于功能材料的合成至关重要，而功能材料的合成通常需要控制添加剂的大小，取向，多晶型物和分层结构，而添加剂通常用于调节定义这些途径的能量分布。本文中，我们总结了原位TEM和AFM技术在监测甚至调整晶体成核和生长途径方面的最新进展。