Abstract Nanocomposite films made from nonconventional food hydrocolloids: phosphated or methylated flours derived from pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) with or without “huesito” plum (Spondias purpurea) flour, were obtained by the casting methodology. The films were characterized, and in addition two biomarkers of ecotoxicity, survival and weight changes, were determined for each one by means of a novel bioassay using the furniture weevil (Tricorynus sp, Coleoptera: Anobiidae). The films prepared from the methylated flours had a lower sensitivity to water, greater thermal resistance and higher crystallinity percentage than the phosphated flour films. However, these materials were very fragile, as well as being ecotoxic, thus limiting their compostability. Thus, although both the phosphated and methylated pumpkin flour-based films were biodegradable only the phosphated films can be considered as eco-friendly. The plum flour nanocomposite was included due to the anthocyanins it contains, with the aim of developing pH-sensitive films. Unfortunately, neither of the resulting nanocomposite films achieved this objective. Nevertheless, their mechanical and thermal properties were improved, and the ecotoxicity levels reduced, compared to the films prepared without the nanocomposite.

中文翻译：

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改性南瓜粉/李子粉纳米复合薄膜是否可生物降解和可堆肥？

摘要 由非常规食品水解胶体制成的纳米复合薄膜：通过浇铸方法获得了来自南瓜（Cucurbita maxima）的磷酸化或甲基化面粉，含有或不含有“huesito”李子（Spondias purpurea）面粉。通过使用家具象鼻虫（Tricorynus sp，Coleoptera：Anobiidae）的新型生物测定法，对薄膜进行了表征，此外还确定了生态毒性、存活和体重变化的两种生物标志物。与磷化面粉薄膜相比，由甲基化面粉制备的薄膜对水的敏感性更低，耐热性更高，结晶度百分比更高。然而，这些材料非常脆弱，并且具有生态毒性，因此限制了它们的可堆肥性。因此，虽然磷化和甲基化南瓜粉基薄膜都是可生物降解的，但只有磷化薄膜可以被认为是生态友好的。将梅粉纳米复合材料包含在内是因为它含有花青素，目的是开发 pH 敏感薄膜。不幸的是，所得到的纳米复合薄膜都没有达到这个目标。尽管如此，与没有使用纳米复合材料制备的薄膜相比，它们的机械和热性能得到了改善，生态毒性水平也降低了。