Influence of the ultrasound intensity (28 kHz, 1.1−7.5 W/cm²) on CaCO₃ nucleation-growth on the surface of a cylinder mild steel electrode rotating at 500 rpm was studied in tap water. The deposition kinetics was analyzed by chronoamperometry; the calcareous layer was characterized by gravimmetry, scanning electron microscopy and XRD. Application of ultrasound to calcium carbonate crystallization affects nucleation sites density, mass-transport rate and cavitation erosion of the deposits. Lower intensity ultrasound reduces scale porosity and area density by increasing nucleation site density and accelerating the mass transport. Higher intensity ultrasound promotes cavitation erosion of the formed layer, thus cleaning the surface from the scale. A scale layer with the highest blocking properties formed under applied ultrasound intensity of 1.9 W/cm². The ultrasound doubled crystallization rate, reduced the scale porosity 5 times and halved its area density comparing to non-sonicated conditions. Ultrasound of controllable intensity can solve both scale and corrosion problems of industrial heat-exchange equipment by forming a protective scale layer and removing excessive deposits.

超声强度（28 kHz，1.1−7.5 W / cm ²）对CaCO _3的影响在自来水中研究了以500 rpm旋转的圆柱低碳钢电极表面的成核生长。沉积动力学通过计时电流分析法进行分析。通过重量分析，扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射对钙质层进行了表征。将超声波应用于碳酸钙结晶会影响成核点密度，质量传输速率和沉积物的空化侵蚀。较低强度的超声波通过增加成核位点密度并加速质量传输来降低水垢孔隙率和面积密度。较高强度的超声波会促进形成层的气蚀，从而从水垢中清除表面。在1.9 W / cm ^2的施加超声强度下形成具有最高阻挡性能的氧化皮层。与未超声处理的条件相比，超声将结晶速率提高了一倍，将水垢孔隙率降低了5倍，并将其面积密度减半。强度可控的超声波通过形成保护性水垢层并去除过多的沉积物，可以解决工业热交换设备的水垢和腐蚀问题。