Abstract Transition metal nitride and carbide have several similarities in their preparatory methods, properties, and applications. Synthetic parameters have remained the main factors that determine the effectiveness of nitrides and carbides in electrochemical storage devices, photocatalysis, environmental remediation, gas sensing and medicinal agents. This review addresses aspects of relevance to electronic structure and chemical bonding, and recent advances made in the synthesis approaches. The syntheses approaches that are particularly relevant for reducing (i) production cost, (ii) energy consumption, and (iii) synthesis time for these materials systems are discussed in detail. Furthermore some of the recent techniques like solid-solid state separation, carbothermal, gas-phase, electrochemical, sonochemical, solvothermal, sol-gel reaction and solid state reaction that offer new avenues for researchers (including a sustainability-oriented exploration) are mentioned. We discuss synthetically tunable properties (morphology, electronic characteristics, energy storage capacity, corrosion resistance, catalytic ability and gas sensing properties), heat treatment aspects, and relevant applications of these systems. We expect this review to be useful to the ever growing community of researchers that are interested in nitrides and carbides, and their applications.

中文翻译：

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纳米结构金属氮化物和碳化物的合成与应用：综述

摘要 过渡金属氮化物和碳化物在制备方法、性能和应用方面有几个相似之处。合成参数仍然是决定氮化物和碳化物在电化学存储装置、光催化、环境修复、气体传感和药物中的有效性的主要因素。这篇综述讨论了与电子结构和化学键合相关的方面，以及合成方法的最新进展。详细讨论了与降低这些材料系统的 (i) 生产成本、(ii) 能耗和 (iii) 合成时间特别相关的合成方法。此外，一些最近的技术，如固-固分离、碳热、气相、电化学、声化学、溶剂热、提到了溶胶-凝胶反应和固态反应，它们为研究人员提供了新的途径（包括面向可持续性的探索）。我们讨论了这些系统的综合可调特性（形态、电子特性、储能能力、耐腐蚀性、催化能力和气敏特性）、热处理方面以及相关应用。我们希望这篇综述对不断增长的对氮化物和碳化物及其应用感兴趣的研究人员社区有用。热处理方面，以及这些系统的相关应用。我们希望这篇综述对不断增长的对氮化物和碳化物及其应用感兴趣的研究人员社区有用。热处理方面，以及这些系统的相关应用。我们希望这篇综述对不断增长的对氮化物和碳化物及其应用感兴趣的研究人员社区有用。