Metastatic disease is the principal cause of prostate-cancer-related mortality. Our ability to accurately recapitulate the spread of prostate cancer to bone — the most common site of metastasis — is critical to the development of novel metastasis-directed therapies. Several translational models of prostate cancer bone metastasis have been developed, including animal models, cell line injection models, 3D in vitro models, bone implant models, and patient-derived xenograft models. The use of these models has led to numerous advances in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of metastasis and innovations in targeted therapy. Despite this progress, current models are limited by a failure to holistically reproduce each individual element of the metastatic cascade in prostate cancer bone metastasis. In addition, factors such as accurate recapitulation of immunobiological events and improvements in tumour heterogeneity require further consideration. Knowledge gained from historical and currently used models will improve the development of next-generation models. An introspective appraisal of current preclinical models demonstrating bone metastases is warranted to narrow research focus, improve future translational modelling, and expedite the delivery of urgently needed metastasis-directed treatments.

转移性疾病是前列腺癌相关死亡率的主要原因。我们准确概括前列腺癌向骨骼扩散的能力（这是最常见的转移部位），对于开发新型以转移为导向的疗法至关重要。已经开发了几种前列腺癌骨转移的转化模型，包括动物模型，细胞系注射模型，3D体外模型，骨植入物模型和患者衍生的异种移植物模型。这些模型的使用已在阐明转移的分子机制和靶向治疗的创新方面取得了许多进展。尽管取得了这一进展，但目前的模型仍受制于无法全面复制前列腺癌骨转移中转移级联的每个单独元素。此外，免疫生物学事件的准确重现和肿瘤异质性的改善等因素需要进一步考虑。从历史和当前使用的模型中获得的知识将改善下一代模型的开发。对目前证实存在骨转移的临床前模型进行内省性评估，可以缩小研究重点，改善未来的转化模型，并加快提供急需的转移导向治疗方法。