Although fatal once symptomatic, rabies is preventable by administration of pre- and post-exposure vaccines. International guidelines suggest lifelong protection by a pre-exposure vaccination scheme followed by timely post-exposure vaccines. Rapidity and magnitude of the antibody recall response after booster inoculation are essential, as many people have been previously immunized a long time ago. The objective of this study was therefore to systematically review the evidence on the boostability of rabies immunization to date. We included 36 studies, of which 19 studies were suitable for meta-analysis. Reduced antibody levels were found after intradermal primary schedules as compared to intramuscular schedules. However, responses after booster immunization were adequate for both routes. Although studies showed that antibody levels decline over time, adequate booster responses were still retained over long time intervals indicating that post-exposure treatment is effective without extra measures after long periods of time.

中文翻译：

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加强免疫后的狂犬病抗体应答：系统评价和荟萃分析

尽管一旦出现症状就致命，但狂犬病是可以通过服用暴露前和暴露后疫苗来预防的。国际准则建议通过暴露前疫苗接种计划和及时的暴露后疫苗进行终生保护。加强接种后抗体召回反应的速度和强度至关重要，因为很早以前许多人已经进行了免疫。因此，本研究的目的是系统地回顾迄今为止狂犬病免疫增强的证据。我们纳入了36项研究，其中19项研究适合进行荟萃分析。与肌肉内注射相比，皮内注射后抗体水平降低。但是，加强免疫后的反应对于这两种途径都是足够的。