Nepeta cadmea Boiss. is a species endemic to Turkey that belongs to the Nepeta genus. Several species of this genus are used in folk medicine. This study was designed to investigate the phenolic compounds, antioxidant, anthelmintic, and cytotoxic activities of various extracts (ethanol, methanol, acetone, and water) of N. cadmea. The antioxidant activities of these extracts were analyzed using scavenging methods (DPPH, ABTS, and H2 O2 scavenging activity), the β-carotene/linoleic acid test system, the phosphomolybdenum method, and metal chelating activity. Among the 4 different extracts of N. cadmea that were evaluated, the water extract showed the highest amount of radical scavenging (DPPH, 25.54 μg/mL and ABTS, 14.51 μg/mL) and antioxidant activities (β-carotene, 86.91%). In the metal chelating and H2 O2 scavenging activities, the acetone extract was statistically different from the other extracts. For the phosphomolybdenum method, the antioxidant capacity of the extracts was in the range of 8.15 to 80.40 μg/mg. The phenolic content of the ethanol extract was examined using HPLC and determined some phenolics: epicatechin, chlorogenic, and caffeic acids. With regard to the anthelmintic properties, dose-dependent activity was observed in each of the extracts of N. cadmea. All the extracts exhibited high cytotoxic activities. The results will provide additional information for further studies on the biological activities of N. cadmea, while also helping us to understand the importance of this species. Furthermore, based on the results obtained, N. cadmea may be considered as a potentially useful supplement for the human diet, as well as a natural antioxidant for medicinal applications. PRACTICAL APPLICATION The plants of the Nepeta genus have been extensively used as traditional herbal medicines. Nepeta cadmea Boiss., one of the species belonging to the Nepeta genus, is a species endemic to Turkey. In our study, we demonstrated the antioxidant capacities, total phenolic, flavonoid, tannin content, anthelmintic, and cytotoxic activities of various extracts of Nepeta cadmea. The present study could well supply valuable data for future investigations and further information on the potential use of this endemic plant for humans, in both dietary and pharmacological applications.

中文翻译：

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从荆芥中分离出的各种提取物的抗氧化特性、酚类化合物、驱虫和细胞毒活性的评估：土耳其特有植物

Nepeta cadmea Boiss。是一种土耳其特有的物种，属于荆芥属。该属的几个物种用于民间医学。本研究旨在研究 N. cadmea 的各种提取物（乙醇、甲醇、丙酮和水）的酚类化合物、抗氧化剂、驱虫和细胞毒活性。使用清除方法（DPPH、ABTS 和 H2O2 清除活性）、β-胡萝卜素/亚油酸测试系统、磷钼法和金属螯合活性分析这些提取物的抗氧化活性。在被评估的 4 种不同的 N. cadmea 提取物中，水提取物显示出最高的自由基清除量（DPPH，25.54 μg/mL 和 ABTS，14.51 μg/mL）和抗氧化活性（β-胡萝卜素，86.91%）。在金属螯合和 H2 O2 清除活动中，丙酮提取物与其他提取物有统计学差异。对于磷钼法，提取物的抗氧化能力在 8.15 到 80.40 μg/mg 的范围内。使用 HPLC 检查乙醇提取物的酚类含量并确定一些酚类物质：表儿茶素、绿原酸和咖啡酸。关于驱虫特性，在 N. cadmea 的每种提取物中观察到剂量依赖性活性。所有的提取物都表现出高细胞毒活性。该结果将为进一步研究 N. cadmea 的生物活性提供更多信息，同时也有助于我们了解该物种的重要性。此外，根据获得的结果，N. cadmea 可能被认为是人类饮食的潜在有用补充剂，以及用于医学应用的天然抗氧化剂。实际应用荆芥属植物已被广泛用作传统草药。Nepeta cadmea Boiss. 是 Nepeta 属的物种之一，是土耳其特有的物种。在我们的研究中，我们展示了荆芥各种提取物的抗氧化能力、总酚、类黄酮、单宁含量、驱虫和细胞毒活性。本研究可以很好地为未来的调查提供有价值的数据，并进一步了解这种特有植物在饮食和药理学应用中对人类的潜在用途。是土耳其特有的物种。在我们的研究中，我们展示了荆芥各种提取物的抗氧化能力、总酚、类黄酮、单宁含量、驱虫和细胞毒活性。本研究可以很好地为未来的调查提供有价值的数据，并进一步了解这种特有植物在饮食和药理学应用中对人类的潜在用途。是土耳其特有的物种。在我们的研究中，我们展示了荆芥各种提取物的抗氧化能力、总酚、类黄酮、单宁含量、驱虫和细胞毒活性。本研究可以很好地为未来的调查提供有价值的数据，并进一步了解这种特有植物在饮食和药理学应用中对人类的潜在用途。