Since their inclusion in the Stockholm Convention, there has been a need for global monitoring of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), its salts and perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride (PFOSF), along with other non-listed highly fluorinated compounds. Passive air samplers (PAS) are ideal for geographic coverage of atmospheric monitoring. The most common type of PAS, using polyurethane foam (PUF) as a sorbent, was primarily developed for non-polar semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) and are not well-validated for polar substances such as the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), however, they have been used for some PFASs, particularly PFOS. To evaluate their applicability, PAS were deployed for measurement of PFASs in outdoor and indoor air. Outdoors, two types of PAS, one consisting of PUF and one of XAD-2 resin, were deployed in an 18-week calibration study in parallel with a low-volume active air sampler (LV-AAS) in a suburban area. Indoors, PUF-PAS were similarly deployed over 12 weeks to evaluate their applicability for indoor monitoring. Samples were analysed for perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs), perfluorooctane sulfonamides (FOSAs), and perfluorooctane sulfonamidoethanols (FOSEs). In outdoor air, 17 out of the 21 PFAS were detected in more than 50% of samples, with a median Sigma(17)PFASs of 18.0 pg m(-3) while 20 compounds were detected in indoor air with a median concentration Sigma(20)PFASs of 76.6 pg m(-3) using AAS samplers. PFOS was the most common PFAS in the outdoor air while PFBA was most common indoors. Variability between PAS and AAS was observed and comparing gas phase and particle phase separately or in combination did not account for the variation observed. PUF-PAS may still have a valuable use in PFAS monitoring but more work is needed to identify the applicability of passive samplers for ionic PFAS.

中文翻译：

---

对全氟和多氟烷基物质的被动空气采样器的关键评估

自从它们被纳入斯德哥尔摩公约以来，就需要对全氟辛烷磺酸 (PFOS)、其盐类和全氟辛烷磺酰氟 (PFOSF) 以及其他未列出的高度氟化化合物进行全球监测。被动空气采样器 (PAS) 是大气监测地理覆盖范围的理想选择。最常见的 PAS 类型使用聚氨酯泡沫 (PUF) 作为吸附剂，主要是为非极性半挥发性有机化合物 (SVOC) 开发的，并没有很好地验证极性物质，例如全氟和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS)然而，它们已被用于某些 PFAS，尤其是 PFOS。为了评估其适用性，PAS 被用于测量室外和室内空气中的 PFAS。户外，两种PAS，一种由PUF组成，一种由XAD-2树脂组成，与郊区的低容量主动空气采样器 (LV-AAS) 并行部署在为期 18 周的校准研究中。在室内，PUF-PAS 类似地部署了 12 周，以评估其对室内监测的适用性。对样品中的全氟烷基羧酸 (PFCA)、全氟烷基磺酸盐 (PFSA)、全氟辛烷磺酰胺 (FOSA) 和全氟辛烷磺酰胺乙醇 (FOSE) 进行了分析。在室外空气中，21 种 PFAS 中有 17 种在超过 50% 的样本中检测到，Sigma(17)PFAS 中位数为 18.0 pg m(-3)，而在室内空气中检测到 20 种化合物，Sigma(17)中位数浓度为 Sigma( 20) PFAS 为 76.6 pg m(-3)，使用 AAS 采样器。PFOS 是室外空气中最常见的 PFAS，而 PFBA 是室内最常见的。观察到 PAS 和 AAS 之间的差异，单独或组合比较气相和颗粒相并不能解释观察到的变化。PUF-PAS 可能仍然在 PFAS 监测中具有有价值的用途，但需要做更多的工作来确定被动采样器对离子 PFAS 的适用性。