The increased need for wearable and implantable medical devices has driven the demand for electronics that interface with living systems. Current bioelectronic systems have not fully resolved mismatches between engineered circuits and biological systems, including the resulting pain and damage to biological tissues. Here, salt/poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) aqueous two‐phase systems are utilized to generate programmable hydrogel ionic circuits. High‐conductivity salt‐solution patterns are stably encapsulated within PEG hydrogel matrices using salt/PEG phase separation, which route ionic current with high resolution and enable localized delivery of electrical stimulation. This strategy allows designer electronics that match biological systems, including transparency, stretchability, complete aqueous‐based connective interface, distribution of ionic electrical signals between engineered and biological systems, and avoidance of tissue damage from electrical stimulation. The potential of such systems is demonstrated by generating light‐emitting diode (LED)‐based displays, skin‐mounted electronics, and stimulators that deliver localized current to in vitro neuron cultures and muscles in vivo with reduced adverse effects. Such electronic platforms may form the basis of future biointegrated electronic systems.

中文翻译：

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用于生物匹配电子接口的可编程水凝胶离子电路

对可穿戴和可植入医疗设备的需求的增长推动了对与生命系统接口的电子设备的需求。当前的生物电子系统尚未完全解决工程电路与生物系统之间的不匹配，包括由此引起的疼痛和对生物组织的损害。在这里，盐/聚（乙二醇）（PEG）水性两相系统用于生成可编程的水凝胶离子回路。使用盐/ PEG相分离技术可将高电导性盐溶液模式稳定地封装在PEG水凝胶基质中，从而以高分辨率传递离子电流并实现电刺激的局部递送。通过这种策略，设计人员可以使用与生物系统相匹配的电子产品，包括透明度，可拉伸性，完整的水性连接界面，在工程系统和生物系统之间分配离子电信号，并避免电刺激对组织造成损害。这种系统的潜力通过产生基于发光二极管（LED）的显示器，安装在皮肤上的电子设备和刺激器来展示，这些刺激器可将局部电流传递到体外神经元培养物和体内肌肉，从而减少了不良反应。这样的电子平台可以构成未来生物集成电子系统的基础。