Abstract A central challenge for threatened species conservation in agricultural landscapes is to understand the relative contributions of old growth, regrowth, and planted woodland to species persistence. We offer a new perspective into solving this problem by using a systematic conservation planning approach to integrate spatial biodiversity and economic information with patch complementarity. We applied this to an eight-year study of woodland birds vulnerable to extinction across an extensive agricultural region of Australia. We used regression and ordination analyses to show that species were more likely to occur in regrowth and old growth woodland patches compared with plantings. We then set objectives of finding sets of complementary patches for supporting species across the landscape, and explored biodiversity trade-offs resulting from production- or cost-focused objectives. We found that species persistence could be achieved only through sets of patches containing all patch types (old growth, regrowth, plantings). Scenarios that selected sets of patches irrespective of patch type maximized species occurrence over time for the lowest combined area and establishment costs. Patch sets had a higher proportion of plantings for the objective of minimizing area, but a more equal proportion of patch types for the objective of minimizing cost. Our findings demonstrate what the relative composition of old growth, regrowth, and plantings should be when considering vegetation management interventions for threatened species conservation. Government policy and associated funding aimed at improving biodiversity conservation in agricultural landscapes needs to promote both regrowth woodland and revegetation planting strategies in addition to old growth woodland protection.

中文翻译：

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旧的生长、再生和种植的林地为农场上受威胁的林地鸟类提供了补充栖息地

摘要 农业景观中受威胁物种保护的一个核心挑战是了解旧生长、再生和种植林地对物种持久性的相对贡献。我们通过使用系统的保护规划方法将空间生物多样性和经济信息与补丁互补性相结合，为解决这个问题提供了新的视角。我们将此应用于一项为期八年的对澳大利亚广阔农业区易濒临灭绝的林地鸟类的研究。我们使用回归和排序分析表明，与种植相比，物种更有可能出现在再生和旧林地斑块中。然后，我们设定了寻找一组互补斑块以支持整个景观中的物种的目标，并探索了以生产或成本为重点的目标所产生的生物多样性权衡。我们发现物种持久性只能通过包含所有补丁类型（旧生长、再生、种植）的补丁集来实现。不考虑斑块类型而选择斑块集的场景随着时间的推移最大限度地增加了物种的出现率，从而实现最低的面积和建立成本。为了最小化面积的目标，补丁集具有更高的种植比例，但为了最小化成本的目标，补丁类型的比例更相等。我们的研究结果表明，在考虑对受威胁物种保护进行植被管理干预时，旧生长、再生和种植的相对组成应该是什么。