Early diagnosis and on-time effective treatment are indispensable for Tuberculosis (TB) control - a life threatening infectious communicable disease. The conventional techniques for diagnosing TB normally take two to three weeks. This delay in diagnosis and further increase in detection complexity due to the emerging risks of XDR-TB (Extensively drug Resistant-TB) and MDR-TB (Multidrug Resistant-TB) are evoking interest of researchers in the field of developing rapid TB detection techniques such as biosensing and other point-of-care (POC) techniques. Biosensing technologies along with the collaboration with nanotechnology have enormous potential to boost the MTB detection and for overall management in clinical diagnosis. A diverse range of portable, sensitive and rapid biosensors based on different signal transducer principles and with different biomarkers detection capabilities have been developed for TB detection in the early stages. Further, a lot of progress has been achieved over the years in developing various point-of-care diagnostic tools including non-molecular methods and molecular techniques. The objective of this study is to present a succinct review of the available TB detection techniques that are either in use or under development. The focus of this review is on the current developments occurred in nano-biosensing technologies. A synopsis of ameliorations in different non-molecular diagnostic tools and progress in the field of molecular techniques along with the role of emerging Lab-on-Chip technology for diagnosing and mitigating the TB consequences have also been presented.

早期诊断和及时有效的治疗对于控制结核病（TB）是必不可少的。结核病是一种威胁生命的传染性传染病。诊断结核病的常规技术通常需要两到三周的时间。由于XDR-TB（广泛耐药性TB）和MDR-TB（多药耐药性TB）的新兴风险，这种诊断延迟和检测复杂性的进一步增加正在引起研究人员对开发快速TB检测技术领域的兴趣例如生物传感和其他即时医疗（POC）技术。生物传感技术以及与纳米技术的合作在促进MTB检测和临床诊断的整体管理方面具有巨大的潜力。各种各样的便携式 在早期阶段，已经开发出了基于不同信号换能器原理和不同生物标志物检测能力的灵敏，快速的生物传感器。此外，多年来在开发包括非分子方法和分子技术在内的各种即时诊断工具方面取得了许多进展。这项研究的目的是简要概述正在使用或正在开发的可用结核病检测技术。本文的重点是纳米生物传感技术的最新发展。还介绍了不同非分子诊断工具中的改善措施概要以及分子技术领域的进展，以及新兴的芯片实验室技术在诊断和减轻结核病后果方面的作用。