Self-healing has great potential to extend the service life of asphalt pavement, and this capability has been regarded as an important strategy when designing a sustainable infrastructure. This review presents a comprehensive summary of the state-of-the-art investigations concerning the self-healing mechanism, model, characterization and enhancement, ranging from asphalt to asphalt pavement. Firstly, the self-healing phenomenon as a general concept in asphalt materials is analyzed including its definition and the differences among self-healing and some viscoelastic responses. Additionally, the development of self-healing in asphalt pavement design is introduced. Next, four kinds of possible self-healing mechanism and corresponding models are presented. It is pointed out that the continuum thermodynamic model, considering the whole process from damage initiation to healing recovery, can be a promising study field. Further, a set of self-healing multiscale characterization methods from microscale to macroscale as well as computational simulation scale, are summed up. Thereinto, the computational simulation shows great potential in simulating the self-healing behavior of asphalt materials from mechanical and molecular level. Moreover, the factors influencing self-healing capability are discussed, but the action mechanisms of some factors remain unclear and need to be investigated. Finally, two extrinsic self-healing technologies, induction heating and capsule healing, are recommended as preventive maintenance applications in asphalt pavement. In future, more effective energy-based healing systems or novel material-based healing systems are expected to be developed towards designing sustainable long-life asphalt pavement.

自修复具有延长沥青路面使用寿命的巨大潜力，在设计可持续基础设施时，这种能力已被视为重要策略。这篇综述提供了有关自愈机理，模型，表征和增强的最新研究的综合摘要，涉及的范围从沥青到沥青路面。首先，分析了自修复现象作为沥青材料的一般概念，包括其定义以及自修复与粘弹性响应之间的差异。另外，介绍了沥青路面设计中自修复的发展。接下来，提出了四种可能的自我修复机制和相应的模型。需要指出的是，连续热力学模型 考虑从损伤开始到愈合恢复的整个过程，可能是一个有前途的研究领域。此外，总结了一套从微观到宏观的自我修复多尺度表征方法以及计算仿真尺度。其中，计算仿真显示了从力学和分子水平模拟沥青材料自愈性能的巨大潜力。此外，讨论了影响自我修复能力的因素，但一些因素的作用机理仍不清楚，需要研究。最后，推荐两种外在的自我修复技术，即感应加热和胶囊修复，作为沥青路面的预防性维护应用。在未来，