To demonstrate the effects of weathered crude oil residue on the immune systems of resident fish, we measured the changes in toxic chemical concentrations, apoptosis, phagocytosis, metabolism, immune-related gene expression, and cell cycle arrest in livers or kidneys for up to 96 h after the weathered Iranian heavy crude oil (WIHCO) exposure by oral gavage in juvenile rockfish Sebastes schlegeli. Parent polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in livers increased up to 5590 ng/g after 6 h exposure and then declined rapidly within 24 h. Hepato-detoxification and immune-related gene expression were also significantly increased (P < 0.05) after 6 h exposure and then declined rapidly within 24 h. However, biliary PAH metabolites and EROD activity remained elevated throughout the test period. Flow cytometry analysis also indicated sustained apoptosis and cell cycle arrests with reduced phagocytic activity for 96 h. Taken together, these results demonstrate rapid declination of the parent PAHs, whereas PAH metabolites remained much longer in tissues with prolonged suppression of immunity in molecular and cellular level, suggesting that weathered crude oil residue is likely linked to the high incidence of immune dysfunction in residential rockfish in oil spill area.

为了证明风化的原油残留物对常驻鱼类免疫系统的影响，我们测量了多达96种有毒化学物质浓度，凋亡，吞噬作用，代谢，免疫相关基因表达以及细胞周期停滞在肝脏或肾脏中的变化。口服管饲法对幼年石鱼Sebastes schlegeli暴露于风化的伊朗重质原油（WIHCO）后的h小时。暴露6 h后，肝脏中的母体多环芳烃（PAHs）升高至5590 ng / g，然后在24 h内迅速下降。肝排毒和免疫相关基因的表达也显着增加（P < 0.05）暴露6小时后，然后在24小时内迅速下降。但是，在整个测试期间，胆汁PAH代谢产物和EROD活性仍然升高。流式细胞仪分析还表明持续的细胞凋亡和细胞周期停滞，吞噬活性降低了96小时。综上所述，这些结果证明了母体PAHs的快速偏斜，而PAH代谢物在组织中的保留时间更长，并且在分子和细胞水平上的免疫力得到了长期抑制，这表明风化的原油残留物很可能与住宅区免疫功能异常的高发有关。漏油区的石鱼。