Here, we have identified that the key issue for rational transitioning from spin-coating to blade-coating processes of perovskite films arises from whether intermediate phases participate in the phase transition. In situ characterizations were carried out to provide a comprehensive picture of structural evolution and crystal growth mechanisms. These findings present opportunities for designing an effective process for blade-coating perovskite film: a large-grained dense perovskite film with high crystal quality and photophysical properties can be obtained only via direct crystallization for both spin-coating and blade-coating processes. As a result, the blade-coated MAPbI₃ films deliver excellent charge-collection efficiency at both short circuit and open circuit, and photovoltaic properties with efficiencies of 18.74% (0.09 cm²) and 17.06% (1 cm²) in planar solar cells. The significant advances in understanding how the phase transition links spin-coating and blade-coating processes should provide a path toward high-performance printed perovskite devices.

在这里，我们已经确定了钙钛矿薄膜从旋涂工艺到刮涂工艺的合理过渡的关键问题是中间相是否参与相变。进行了原位表征，以提供结构演变和晶体生长机制的全面图像。这些发现为设计有效的钙钛矿刮膜涂布工艺提供了机会：只有通过直接结晶进行旋涂和刮涂工艺，才能获得具有高晶体质量和光物理性质的大颗粒致密钙钛矿膜。结果，叶片涂层的MAPbI ₃薄膜在短路和开路时均具有出色的电荷收集效率，并且在平面太阳能电池中具有18.74％（0.09 cm ²）和17.06％（1 cm ²）的光电性能。在理解相变如何联系旋涂和刮涂过程的重大进展中，应提供一条通往高性能印刷钙钛矿设备的途径。