Abstract Noble-metal nanocrystals with controlled shapes have received considerable interest owing to their unique properties and potential applications related to plasmonics, catalysis, and electronics. In particular, decahedral nanocrystals have emerged a focus of intensive research in recent years because of their unique penta-twinned structure. When employed as seeds to mediate the growth of the same or a different metal, decahedral nanocrystals have led to the production of new types of nanostructures that are otherwise difficult to generate using conventional methods. In this review, we start with a brief introduction to the unique features and properties of decahedral nanocrystals, followed by thermodynamic and kinetic analyses of their formation mechanisms. We then survey synthetic routes to the synthesis of monometallic (Ag, Au, Pd, Cu, Rh, and Pt) and alloy decahedral nanocrystals, as well as their derivatives with a core–shell, core–frame, or one-dimensional structure. At the end, we highlight the use of decahedral nanocrystals and their derivatives in photonic, catalytic, and sensing applications and conclude with perspectives on the future directions with regard to noble-metal decahedral nanocrystals.

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贵金属的十面体纳米晶体：合成、表征和应用

摘要 具有可控形状的贵金属纳米晶体由于其独特的性质和与等离子体、催化和电子学相关的潜在应用而受到广泛关注。特别是，十面体纳米晶体因其独特的五孪晶结构而成为近年来深入研究的焦点。当用作种子来介导相同或不同金属的生长时，十面体纳米晶体导致了新型纳米结构的产生，否则这些纳米结构很难使用传统方法产生。在这篇综述中，我们首先简要介绍十面体纳米晶体的独特特征和性质，然后对其形成机制进行热力学和动力学分析。然后，我们调查了合成单金属（Ag、Au、Pd、Cu、Rh 和 Pt) 和合金十面体纳米晶体，以及它们具有核壳、核框架或一维结构的衍生物。最后，我们重点介绍了十面体纳米晶体及其衍生物在光子、催化和传感应用中的应用，并总结了贵金属十面体纳米晶体的未来发展方向。