The performance of lithium ion batteries rapidly falls at lower temperatures due to decreasing conductivity of electrolytes and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on graphite anode. Hence, it limits the practical use of lithium ion batteries at subzero temperatures and also affects the development of lithium ion batteries for widespread applications. The SEI formed on the graphite surface is very influential in determining the performance of the battery. Herein, a new electrolyte additive, 4-chloromethyl-1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2-oxide (CMDO), is prepared to improve the properties of commonly used electrolyte constituents—ethylene carbonate (EC), and fluoroethylene carbonate. The formation of an efficient passivation layer in propylene carbonate-based electrolyte for MCMB electrode was investigated. The addition of CMDO resulted in a much less irreversible capacity loss and induces thin SEI formation. However, the combination of the three additives played a key role to enhance reversible capacity of MCMB electrode at lower or ambient temperature. The electrochemical measurement analysis showed that the SEI formed from a mixture of the three additives gave better intercalation–deintercalation of lithium ions.

中文翻译：

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电解质添加剂的协同作用，可改善碳酸丙烯酯基电解质中MCMB电极的界面化学，从而增强低温和室温性能

锂离子电池的性能在较低的温度下会迅速下降，这是因为石墨阳极上的电解质和固体电解质中间相（SEI）的电导率降低。因此，它限制了锂离子电池在零度以下温度下的实际使用，并且还影响了锂离子电池在广泛应用中的发展。石墨表面上形成的SEI对确定电池的性能有很大的影响。在此，制备新的电解质添加剂4-氯甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硫杂环戊烷-2-氧化物（CMDO），以改善常用电解质成分（碳酸亚乙酯（EC）和碳酸氟亚乙酯）的性能。研究了在用于MCMB电极的碳酸亚丙酯电解质中有效钝化层的形成。CMDO的添加导致不可逆的容量损失少得多，并导致稀薄的SEI形成。但是，三种添加剂的组合在提高MCMB电极在较低或环境温度下的可逆容量方面起着关键作用。电化学测量分析表明，由三种添加剂的混合物形成的SEI具有更好的锂离子嵌入-脱嵌效果。