Reactive oxygen species (ROS), initially categorized as toxic by-products of aerobic metabolism, have often been called a double-edged sword. ROS are considered indispensable when host defense and redox signaling is concerned and a threat in inflammatory or degenerative diseases. This generalization does not take in account the diversity of oxygen metabolites being generated, their physicochemical characteristics and their production by distinct enzymes in space and time. NOX/DUOX NADPH oxidases are the only enzymes solely dedicated to ROS production and the prime ROS producer for intracellular and intercellular communication due to their widespread expression and intricate regulation. Here we discuss new insights of how NADPH oxidases act via ROS as multifaceted regulators of the intestinal barrier in homeostasis, infectious disease and intestinal inflammation. A closer look at monogenic VEOIBD and commensals as ROS source supports the view of H₂O₂ as key beneficial messenger in the barrier ecosystem.

中文翻译：

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胃肠道中的 NADPH 氧化酶和 ROS 信号转导。

活性氧 (ROS) 最初被归类为有氧代谢的有毒副产物，通常被称为一把双刃剑。当涉及宿主防御和氧化还原信号以及炎症或退行性疾病的威胁时，ROS 被认为是必不可少的。这种概括没有考虑到正在产生的氧代谢物的多样性、它们的物理化学特性以及它们在空间和时间上由不同的酶产生。NOX/DUOX NADPH 氧化酶是唯一专门用于产生 ROS 的酶，并且由于其广泛表达和复杂调节而成为细胞内和细胞间通讯的主要 ROS 生产者。在这里，我们讨论了 NADPH 氧化酶如何通过 ROS 作为体内平衡中肠道屏障的多方面调节剂发挥作用的新见解，传染病和肠道炎症。仔细观察单基因 VEOIBD 和作为 ROS 来源的共生体支持 H 的观点₂ O ₂作为屏障生态系统中的关键有益信使。