For many years, fluorosis has been known as a worldwide disease which seriously diminishes quality of life through skeletal embrittlement and hepatic damage. Aiming to develop novel drugs for simultaneous fluorosis diagnosis and therapy, in this work we explore the feasibility of a novel pyrogallic acid–titanium(IV) complex-modified upconversion nanoprobe (UCNP–PA–Ti) for F⁻ capture and real-time quantification. Utilizing the strong interaction between Ti⁴⁺ and F⁻, the modified PA–Ti decomposes in F⁻-containing solution, which not only weakens the FRET but results in upconversion luminescence (UCL) recovery. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate a highly sensitive F⁻ UCL response and therapeutic efficiency, which was promising for successful UCL image monitoring and the therapeutic process. Long blood circulation time and low toxicity ensured their safe application for fluorosis theranostics. Our work provides a new possibility for F⁻ concentration detection within fluorosis therapeutic periods and encourages the development of novel drugs for fluorosis theranostics.

中文翻译：

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合理设计的上转换纳米探针，可同时进行氟离子和氟中毒治疗学的高灵敏度比率检测†

多年以来，氟中毒一直被认为是一种全球性疾病，它通过骨骼脆化和肝损害严重降低生活质量。旨在开发新型药物，用于同时氟诊断和治疗，在此工作中，我们探索一种新的邻苯三酚-钛的可行性（IV）配合物改性的上转换纳米探针（UCNP-PA-Ti）的与F ^-捕获和实时定量。利用钛之间的强相互作用⁴⁺和F ^- ，经修饰的PA-钛分解F中^-的含水溶液，它不仅削弱了FRET但在上转换发光（UCL）的恢复结果。二者在体外和体内实验表明，F ^- UCL反应具有很高的敏感性和治疗效率，这对于成功地进行UCL图像监测和治疗过程很有希望。较长的血液循环时间和低毒性确保了它们在氟中毒治疗中的安全应用。我们的工作提供了适用于F一种新的可能性^-氟中毒的治疗周期内浓度检测，并鼓励新药氟中毒治疗诊断学的发展。