PIEVSKY, M. A., and R. E. McGrath. Neurocognitive effects of methylphenidate in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analysis…NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV 81(1) XXX-XXX, 2017.- This meta-analysis summarized 21 double-blind randomized controlled trials with a mean study duration of 18 days comparing the neurocognitive functioning of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on methylphenidate vs placebo. Effect sizes were weighted using a random-effects model. Scores on neurocognitive measures and tests of driving ability were on average higher on methylphenidate than on placebo, g = 0.17, p < .01, 95% CI = [0.05, 0.28], with little heterogeneity, Q(20) = 15.05, p = .77, I² = 0. Performance on methylphenidate was significantly better than on placebo for the following domains: working memory (mean g = 0.13, 95% CI = [0.00, 0.26]), reaction time variability (0.16, [0.03, 0.28]), vigilance (0.22, [0.11, 0.33]), driving (0.22, [0.10, 0.34]), and response inhibition (0.23, [0.10, 0.36]). Quantitative and qualitative assessment revealed evidence of publication bias. Summarizing across studies, methylphenidate improved the performance of adults with ADHD on neurocognitive measures and tests of driving, suggesting that methylphenidate is an effective treatment for adults with ADHD and can improve processes related to attention and concentration.

PIEVSKY，MA和RE McGrath。哌醋甲酯对注意缺陷/多动障碍成年人的神经认知作用：一项荟萃分析…NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV 81（1）XXX-XXX，2017年。-该荟萃分析总结了21项双盲随机对照试验，平均研究时间的18天之内比较了哌醋甲酯与安慰剂对患有注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）的成年人的神经认知功能。使用随机效应模型对效应大小进行加权。哌醋甲酯的神经认知测量和驾驶能力测验得分平均高于安慰剂，g = 0.17，p <.01，95％CI = [0.05，0.28]，异质性极小，Q（20）= 15.05，p = 0.77，我² =0。在以下方面，哌醋甲酯的性能明显优于安慰剂：工作记忆（平均g = 0.13，95％CI = [0.00，0.26]），反应时间变异性（0.16，[0.03，0.28]），警惕性（0.22，[0.11，0.33]），驱动（0.22，[0.10，0.34]）和响应抑制（0.23，[0.10，0.36]）。定量和定性评估揭示了出版物偏倚的证据。总结所有研究后，哌醋甲酯改善了多动症成年人在神经认知测量和驾驶测试中的表现，这表明哌醋甲酯是多动症成年人的一种有效治疗方法，可以改善与注意力和注意力有关的过程。