One of the greatest advancements in the field of gas chromatography (GC) has been the development of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC). As the field of GC evolved from one-dimensional gas chromatography (1D-GC) to heart cutting (GC–GC), followed by the advent of GC × GC, the critical component at the center of this evolution has been the interface between the separation columns. The interface, referred to as the modulator for GC × GC, links the primary and secondary columns. This review covers the evolution of modulator systems from the founding of GC × GC in 1991 by Liu and Phillips, while focusing on the last six years. Since its inception, modulators have evolved into two distinct categories: thermal, and valve-based. The advantages and shortcomings of each category will be covered. Recent developments in the research, development, and commercialization of these various modulators is provided, with a glimpse into future modulator designs.

气相色谱（GC×GC）的发展是气相色谱（GC）领域的最大进步之一。随着GC领域从一维气相色谱（1D-GC）到心脏切割（GC–GC）的发展，接着是GC×GC的问世，这种发展的核心要素一直是分离柱。该接口称为GC×GC的调制器，它链接主色谱柱和辅助色谱柱。这篇综述涵盖了Liu和Phillips在1991年创立GC×GC以来调制器系统的发展，同时重点介绍了过去的六年。自诞生以来，调制器已发展为两个不同的类别：热式和基于阀的。将涵盖每个类别的优点和缺点。研究的最新进展，