This work reports rechargeable Zn/β-MnO₂ alkaline batteries as promising stationary energy storage. Unlike commercial alkaline batteries with poor cyclic performance, the nanosized β-MnO₂ cathode in the mixture of LiOH and KOH electrolyte enables rechargeable reactions with high capacity. To unveil the underlying reaction mechanisms of nanosized β-MnO₂, we combine thermodynamic frameworks with experimental characterization, including electrochemistry, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results demonstrate a series of proton intercalation reaction (β-MnO₂ → γ-MnOOH) and two-phase conversion reactions (γ-MnOOH → Mn(OH)₂ → λ-MnO₂) during the first cycle and Li and H cointercalation in the host structure of λ-MnO₂ spinel during the 100^th cycle. It is remarkable that the addition of Bi₂O₃ in the nanosized β-MnO₂ cathode exhibits outstanding capacity. After 100 dischargings, the battery demonstrates a capacity of 316 mA h g^–1. Our findings can serve in the tailored cathode design in high capacity and rechargeable Zn/β-MnO₂ alkaline batteries.

中文翻译：

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纳米的嵌入和转化反应β-MnO的₂阴极在次要的Zn / MnO的₂碱性电池

这项工作报告可再充电的Zn /β-MnO的_2个碱性电池作为有前途的固定储能。不同于具有差的循环性能的商业碱性电池中，纳米尺寸的β-MnO的₂阴极在LiOH和KOH电解质的混合物能够以高容量可充电反应。揭开纳米β-MnO的的基本反应机制₂，我们结合热力学框架与实验表征，包括电化学，X射线衍射和X射线光电子能谱。结果证明了一系列质子嵌入反应的（β-MnO的₂ →γ-MnOOH的）和两相转化反应（γ-MnOOH的→锰（OH）₂ →λ-MnO的₂）所述第一周期和Li和H cointercalation在λ-MnO的的主机结构期间₂的100中尖晶石^次循环。值得注意的是，在添加Bi的₂ Ó ₃在纳米β-MnO的₂阴极表现出优秀的能力。放电100次后，电池的容量为316 mA hg ^–1。我们的研究结果可以用于在高容量和可充电锌/β-MnO的修整阴极设计₂碱性电池。