Abstract Conservation conflicts are widespread and are damaging for biodiversity, livelihoods and human well-being. Conflict management often occurs through interventions targeting human behaviour. Conservation interventions are thought to be made more effective if underpinned by evidence and a Theory of Change – a logical argument outlining the steps required to achieve goals. However, for conservation conflicts, the evidence and logic supporting different types of interventions has received little attention. Using conflict-related keywords, we reviewed trends in behavioural intervention recommendations across conflict contexts globally, as published in peer-reviewed literature. We developed typologies for conflict behaviours, intervention recommendations, and conflict frames and identified associations between them and other geographical variables using Pearson's Chi-squared tests of independence. Analysing 100 recent articles, we found that technical interventions (recommended in 38% of articles) are significantly associated with conflicts involving wildlife control and the human-wildlife conflict frame. Enforcement-based interventions (54% of articles) are significantly associated with conflicts over illegal resource use, while stakeholder-based interventions (37% of articles) are associated with the human-human conflict frame and very highly developed countries. Only 10% of articles offered “strong” evidence from the published scientific literature justifying recommendations, and only 15% outlined Theories of Change. We suggest that intervention recommendations are likely influenced by authors' perceptions of the social basis of conflicts, and possibly also by disciplinary silos.

中文翻译：

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保护冲突：行为威胁、框架和干预建议

摘要 保护冲突普遍存在，正在破坏生物多样性、生计和人类福祉。冲突管理通常通过针对人类行为的干预措施来实现。如果有证据和变革理论（概述实现目标所需步骤的逻辑论证）的支持，则认为保护干预措施会更有效。然而，对于保护冲突，支持不同类型干预的证据和逻辑却很少受到关注。使用与冲突相关的关键词，我们回顾了在同行评审文献中发表的全球冲突环境中行为干预建议的趋势。我们为冲突行为、干预建议、和冲突框架，并使用 Pearson 的卡方独立性检验确定它们与其他地理变量之间的关联。分析最近的 100 篇文章，我们发现技术干预（在 38% 的文章中推荐）与涉及野生动物控制和人类-野生动物冲突框架的冲突显着相关。基于执法的干预（54% 的文章）与非法资源使用的冲突显着相关，而基于利益相关者的干预（37% 的文章）与人与人的冲突框架和非常发达的国家相关。只有 10% 的文章从已发表的科学文献中提供了“强有力”的证据来证明建议的合理性，只有 15% 的文章概述了变革理论。