Neuronal chloride regulation is a determinant factor for the dynamic tuning of GABAergic inhibition during and beyond brain development. This regulation is mainly dependent on the two co-transporters K⁺/Cl⁻ co-transporter KCC2 and Na⁺/K⁺/Cl⁻ co-transporter NKCC1, whose activity can decrease or increase neuronal chloride concentrations respectively. Altered expression and/or activity of either of these co-transporters has been associated with a wide variety of brain disorders including developmental disorders, epilepsy, schizophrenia and stroke. Here, we review current knowledge on chloride transporter expression and activity regulation and highlight the intriguing potential for existing and future interventions to support chloride homeostasis across a wide range of mental disorders and neurological conditions.

神经元氯化物调节是动态调节大脑发育过程中及以后的GABA能抑制的决定性因素。这种调节是主要依赖于两个共转运ķ ⁺ /氯^-共转运KCC2和Na ⁺ / K ⁺ /氯^-协同转运蛋白NKCC1，其活性可以分别降低或增加神经元氯化物的浓度。这些共转运蛋白之一的表达和/或活性改变与多种脑部疾病有关，包括发育性疾病，癫痫，精神分裂症和中风。在这里，我们回顾了有关氯转运蛋白表达和活性调节的当前知识，并着重介绍了现有和未来的干预措施的潜在潜力，以支持广泛的精神障碍和神经系统疾病中的氯稳态。