Carbon electrodes in the sub-micrometer scale were modified with polymer/enzyme films for the fabrication of miniaturized amperometric glucose sensors. The electrodes were modified by means of electrochemically induced co-deposition of various polymers and glucose converting enzymes by (i) activation of protected crosslinkers and formation of a dense crosslinker-polymer network that is able to entrap the biocatalyst on the electrode surface and by (ii) using an electrodeposition paint that was deposited on chemically modified carbon electrodes upon a basic pH shift. The polymer matrixes were equipped with Os-complexes that act as redox shuttles for the electron transfer between the electrode surface and the entrapped redox enzyme. The polymer/enzyme modified electrodes were active toward the oxidation of glucose with a sensitivity in the pA mM⁻¹ range. A linear current response was observed for a glucose concentration of up to 15 mM depending on the polymer/enzyme combination. Owing to their geometry in the sub-micron range, the developed sensors are expected to measure glucose with minimal invasiveness down to the single cell level.

中文翻译：

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亚微米规模的基于聚合物/酶修饰碳电极的小型安培葡萄糖传感器

用聚合物/酶膜修饰亚微米级的碳电极，用于制造小型安培型葡萄糖传感器。通过（i）激活受保护的交联剂并形成能够将生物催化剂截留在电极表面的致密交联剂-聚合物网络的形成，通过（i）电化学诱导各种聚合物和葡萄糖转化酶的共沉积来修饰电极。 ii）使用电沉积涂料，该涂料在基本pH值变化时沉积在化学修饰的碳电极上。聚合物基体配备有Os-络合物，它们充当氧化还原梭，用于电极表面和截留的氧化还原酶之间的电子转移。聚合物/酶修饰电极对葡萄糖的氧化具有活性，灵敏度为pA mM^-1范围。对于高达15 mM的葡萄糖浓度，观察到线性电流响应，具体取决于聚合物/酶的组合。由于其几何形状在亚微米范围内，因此开发的传感器有望以最小的侵入性测量葡萄糖，直至单个细胞水平。