Tuberculosis, an ailment caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) complex, is one of the catastrophic transmittable diseases that affect human. Reports published by WHO indicate that in 2017 about 6.3 million people progressed to TB and 53 million TB patients died from 2000 to 2016. Therefore, early diagnosis of the disease is of great importance for global health care programs. Common diagnostics like the traditional PPD test and antibody-assisted assays suffer the lack of sensitivity, long processing time and cumbersome post-test proceedings. These shortcomings restrict their use and encourage innovations in TB diagnostics. In recent years, the biosensor concept opened up new horizons in sensitive and fast detection of the disease, reducing the interval time between sampling and diagnostic result. Among new diagnostics, label-free nano-biosensors are highly promising for sensitive and accessible detection of tuberculosis. Various specific label-free nano-biosensors have been recently reported detecting the whole cell of M. tuberculosis, mycobacterial proteins and IFN-γ as crucial markers in early diagnosis of TB. This article provides a focused overview on nanomaterial-based label-free biosensors for tuberculosis detection.

结核病，一种由结核分枝杆菌（Mtb）引起的疾病）复杂，是影响人类的灾难性可传播疾病之一。世卫组织发布的报告显示，从2000年到2016年，2017年约有630万人患有结核病，5300万结核病患者死亡。因此，疾病的早期诊断对于全球卫生保健计划至关重要。诸如传统的PPD测试和抗体辅助分析之类的常见诊断程序缺乏灵敏度，处理时间长和测试后程序繁琐。这些缺点限制了它们的使用，并鼓励结核病诊断技术的创新。近年来，生物传感器的概念为疾病的敏感和快速检测开辟了新的视野，缩短了采样和诊断结果之间的时间间隔。在新的诊断程序中，无标记的纳米生物传感器在结核病的敏感和可及性检测方面非常有前途。最近报道了各种特定的无标记纳米生物传感器，可以检测到整个细胞。结核分枝杆菌，分枝杆菌蛋白和IFN-γ是结核病早期诊断的重要标志。本文重点介绍了用于结核病检测的基于纳米材料的无标记生物传感器。