Fundamental molecular-level understanding of functional properties of liquid solutions provides an important basis for designing optimized electrolytes for numerous applications. In particular, exhaustive knowledge of solvation structure, stability, and transport properties is critical for developing stable electrolytes for fast-charging and high-energy-density next-generation energy storage systems. Accordingly, there is growing interest in the rational design of electrolytes for beyond lithium-ion systems by tuning the molecular-level interactions of solvate species present in the electrolytes. Here we present a review of the solvation structure of multivalent electrolytes and its impact on the electrochemical performance of these batteries. A direct correlation between solvate species present in the solution and macroscopic properties of electrolytes is sparse for multivalent electrolytes and contradictory results have been reported in the literature. This review aims to illustrate the current understanding, compare results, and highlight future needs and directions to enable the deep understanding needed for the rational design of improved multivalent electrolytes.

对液体溶液功能特性的基本分子水平了解为设计用于多种应用的优化电解质提供了重要基础。尤其是，对于开发用于快速充电和高能量密度的下一代储能系统的稳定电解质，溶剂化结构，稳定性和传输性能的详尽知识至关重要。因此，通过调节电解质中存在的溶剂化物种类的分子水平相互作用，对于超出锂离子系统的电解质的合理设计越来越引起关注。在这里，我们介绍了多价电解质的溶剂化结构及其对这些电池的电化学性能的影响。对于多价电解质而言，溶液中存在的溶剂化物种类与电解质的宏观特性之间的直接关联稀疏，并且已有报道报道了矛盾的结果。这篇综述旨在说明当前的理解，比较结果，并强调未来的需求和方向，以便对改进的多价电解质的合理设计进行深入的了解。