Abstract A numerical investigation of gas and solid flow as well as the liquid accumulation in a scaled Blast Furnace (BF) model was carried out using the discrete element method (DEM) coupled with computational fluid dynamics (CFD). This three dimensional simulation considers the interaction of the solid flow of a layered burden column with the counter flowing process gas. The influence of the cohesive zone is modeled by a material dependent permeability, the molten iron and the slag are considered as one additional liquid phase in the hearth. The method used is compared with a two dimensional numerical slot model presented in former publications by Zhou et al. and then applied to a different three dimensional setup. The comparison of the models exhibits considerable differences concerning the general multiphase flow behaviour. Moreover, it is shown that three dimensional models are required to correctly resolve the actual spatial flow structure and its influence on the shape of the coke free region in the hearth. Finally, the three dimensional model is used to show the influence of the liquid discharge on the stress distribution along the walls.

中文翻译：

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三维高炉模型中固体和流体流动的瞬态 DEM-CFD 模拟

摘要 使用离散元方法 (DEM) 结合计算流体动力学 (CFD)，对按比例缩放的高炉 (BF) 模型中的气体和固体流动以及液体聚集进行了数值研究。这种三维模拟考虑了分层装料塔的固体流与逆流工艺气体的相互作用。内聚区的影响由依赖于材料的渗透率建模，铁水和炉渣被认为是炉膛中的一种附加液相。使用的方法与 Zhou 等人以前的出版物中提出的二维数值槽模型进行了比较。然后应用于不同的三维设置。模型的比较在一般多相流动行为方面表现出相当大的差异。而且，结果表明，需要三维模型才能正确解析实际的空间流动结构及其对炉膛中无焦区形状的影响。最后，利用三维模型展示了液体排放对沿壁面应力分布的影响。