Background

Transportation has significant direct and indirect impacts on health beyond the physical effects due to change in air quality or noise levels. Health Impact Assessment (HIA) analyzes a project or policy through a broad health lens. However, the practice of HIA varies widely with significant knowledge and data gaps.

Objectives

We aimed to summarize the current state of transportation HIAs, develop a framework of promising practices recommended for HIA practitioners within the transportation sector, and identify knowledge and data gaps in transportation HIA practice and science.

Methods

This scoping review was designed using a systematic primary and grey literature search strategy to identify 158 transportation HIAs. Data extraction of descriptive and analytic information from the HIAs was completed and descriptive analyses conducted.

Results

Although transportation HIA practice varied within and between sectors and countries, there were some core similarities. Non-Governmental Organization funding of HIAs in the United States provided a significant boost to the HIA community of practice. We noted that most transportation HIAs conduct screening and scoping, but these steps were neither methodical nor clearly defined. Most HIAs included in this review also lacked quantitative assessment methods and did not perform evaluation of the HIA process or effectiveness.

Conclusions

This scoping review demonstrated a need for greater rigour and clarity in transportation HIAs. We recommend several practice changes to improve HIA quality and credibility.

中文翻译：

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运输项目，计划和政策的健康影响评估：范围审查

背景

除空气质量或噪音水平的变化外，运输对健康的影响还不仅对身体有重大影响，还对健康产生重大的直接和间接影响。健康影响评估（HIA）通过广泛的健康视角分析项目或政策。但是，HIA的实践因知识和数据方面的巨大差异而千差万别。

目标

我们的目的是总结运输HIA的当前状态，为运输行业内的HIA从业人员推荐一种有前途的做法，并确定运输HIA做法和科学方面的知识和数据差距。

方法

使用系统的主要和灰色文献搜索策略来设计此范围界定的审查，以识别158个运输HIA。从HIA中提取描述性和分析性信息的数据已完成，并进行了描述性分析。

结果

尽管交通运输HIA的做法在部门和国家之间以及部门与国家之间有所不同，但还是存在一些核心相似之处。非政府组织对美国HIA的资助极大地促进了HIA实践社区。我们注意到，大多数运输HIA都进行了筛选和范围界定，但是这些步骤既没有系统性，也没有明确定义。该评价中包括的大多数HIA也缺乏定量评估方法，并且没有对HIA流程或有效性进行评估。

结论

这项范围界定的审查表明，在运输HIA中需要更加严格和清晰。我们建议进行一些实践更改，以提高HIA的质量和信誉。