Objective

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) represent one of the most effective classes of disinfectant agents in dental materials and resin nanocomposites. This reviews aims to give a wide overview on the research in the field of antibacterial QACs in dental materials and nanocomposites.

Method

An introduction to dental materials components as well as the microorganisms and methods of evaluation for the antimicrobial assays are presented. Then, the properties and synthesis route of QACs, as monomer and filler, are shown. Finally, antimicrobial monomers and fillers, specifically those contain quaternary ammonium salts (QASs), in dental materials are reviewed.

Results

QACs have been used as monomer and micro/nanofiller in restorative dentistry. They possess one or more methacrylate functional groups to participate in polymerization reactions. QACs with multiple methacrylate groups can also be used as crosslinking agents. Furthermore, QACs with chain length from ∼12 to 16 have higher antimicrobial activity in cured dental resins. In general, increasing the chain length leads to a threshold value (critical point) and then it causes decrease in the antimicrobial activity.

Significance

The current state of the art of dental materials and resin nanocomposites includes a wide variety of antimicrobial materials. Among them, QACs presents low cytotoxicity and excellent long-term antimicrobial activity without leaching out over time.

中文翻译：

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牙科材料中的抗菌季铵盐化合物：系统评价

客观的

季铵化合物（QAC）是牙科材料和树脂纳米复合材料中最有效的消毒剂之一。这篇综述旨在对牙科材料和纳米复合材料中抗菌QAC领域的研究进行广泛的概述。

方法

介绍了牙科材料成分以及微生物和抗菌测定的评估方法的介绍。然后，显示了作为单体和填料的QAC的性质和合成路线。最后，对牙科材料中的抗菌单体和填充剂，特别是那些含有季铵盐（QAS）的抗菌剂和填充剂进行了综述。

结果

QAC已在修复性牙科中用作单体和微/纳诺菲尔。它们具有一个或多个甲基丙烯酸酯官能团以参与聚合反应。具有多个甲基丙烯酸酯基团的QAC也可以用作交联剂。此外，链长约12至16的QAC在固化的牙科树脂中具有较高的抗菌活性。通常，增加链长会导致阈值（临界点），然后导致抗菌活性降低。

意义

牙科材料和树脂纳米复合材料的当前技术水平包括多种抗菌材料。其中，QAC具有较低的细胞毒性和出色的长期抗菌活性，并且不会随着时间的流逝而析出。