Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has emerged as an excellent analytical tool for the effective detection and fingerprint identification of various chemicals. Recently, significant progress has been made in the fabrication of SERS-active substrates using simple, inexpensive, and affordable methods. The full potential of universal SERS diagnostics will likely be realized with the development of approaches and devices capable of effectively detecting analytes on various surfaces as well as in multicomponent media. In addition, the combination of implantable or wearable SERS-active substrates and remote portable devices enables real-time diagnostics that ideally fit the concept of personalized medicine. In this paper, we summarize recent achievements in fabricating flexible SERS substrates made of cellulose paper, polymer membranes, and textile fibrous films. Emphasis is placed on the in-situ extraction and detection of various chemicals in real-world surfaces and complex media using flexible nanofibrous SERS platforms. The potential SERS applications and future perspectives in on-site diagnostics are also discussed.

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表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）已成为有效检测和识别各种化学物质的出色分析工具。最近，在使用简单，廉价和负担得起的方法制造SERS活性基材方面已取得重大进展。通过开发能够有效检测各种表面以及多组分介质中分析物的方法和设备，将有可能实现通用SERS诊断的全部潜力。此外，可植入或可穿戴的SERS活性基材与远程便携式设备的结合可实现实时诊断，非常适合个性化医学的概念。在本文中，我们总结了在制造由纤维素纸，聚合物膜，和纺织纤维膜。重点放在使用灵活的纳米纤维SERS平台就地提取和检测现实世界表面和复杂介质中的各种化学物质。还讨论了潜在的SERS应用和现场诊断的未来前景。

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