Dispatchable energy storage is necessary to enable renewable-based power systems that have zero or very low carbon emissions. The inherent degradation behaviour of electrochemical energy storage (EES) is a major concern for both EES operational decisions and EES economic assessments. Here, we propose a decision framework that addresses the intertemporal trade-offs in terms of EES degradation by deriving, implementing and optimizing two metrics: the marginal benefit of usage and the average benefit of usage. These metrics are independent of the capital cost of the EES system, and, as such, separate the value of EES use from the initial cost, which provides a different perspective on storage valuation and operation. Our framework is proved to produce the optimal solution for EES life-cycle profit maximization. We show that the proposed framework offers effective ways to assess the economic values of EES, to make investment decisions for various applications and to inform related subsidy policies.

可分配的能量存储对于启用碳排放量为零或非常低的可再生能源电力系统而言是必不可少的。电化学能量存储（EES）的固有降解行为是EES操作决策和EES经济评估的主要问题。在这里，我们提出了一个决策框架，该决策框架通过推导，实施和优化两个指标来解决EES降级方面的跨时折衷：使用的边际收益和使用的平均收益。这些度量标准与EES系统的资本成本无关，因此，将EES使用价值与初始成本分开，从而为存储评估和运营提供了不同的视角。实践证明，我们的框架可为EES生命周期利润最大化提供最佳解决方案。