Juvenile obesity is associated with adverse health outcomes. Understanding genetic and environmental influences on body mass index (BMI) during adolescence could inform interventions. We investigated independent and interactive effects of parenting, socioeconomic status (SES) and polygenic risk on BMI pre-adolescence, and on the rate of change in BMI across adolescence. Genome-wide genotype data, BMI and child perceptions of parental warmth and punitive discipline were available at 11 years old, and parental SES was available from birth on 3,414 unrelated participants. Linear models were used to test the effects of social environment and polygenic risk on pre-adolescent BMI. Change in BMI across adolescence was assessed in a subset (N = 1943). Sex-specific effects were assessed. Higher genetic risk was associated with increased BMI pre-adolescence and across adolescence (p < 0.00417, corrected for multiple tests). Negative parenting was not significantly associated with either phenotype, but lower SES was associated with increased BMI pre-adolescence. No interactions passed correction for multiple testing. Polygenic risk scores from adult GWAS meta-analyses are associated with BMI in juveniles, suggesting a stable genetic component. Pre-adolescent BMI was associated with social environment, but parental style has, at most, a small effect.

中文翻译：

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社会环境和多基因风险评分对青少年体重指数的个体和共同影响。

青少年肥胖与不良健康结果有关。了解青春期遗传和环境对体重指数 (BMI) 的影响可以为干预措施提供信息。我们调查了育儿、社会经济地位 (SES) 和多基因风险对青春期前 BMI 以及整个青春期 BMI 变化率的独立和交互影响。全基因组基因型数据、BMI 和儿童对父母温暖和惩罚性纪律的看法在 11 岁时可用，并且父母 SES 从出生时就可用于 3,414 名无关参与者。线性模型用于测试社会环境和多基因风险对青春期前 BMI 的影响。在一个子集（N = 1943）中评估了整个青春期 BMI 的变化。评估了性别特异性影响。较高的遗传风险与青春期前和整个青春期的 BMI 增加有关（p < 0.00417，针对多项测试进行了校正）。消极养育与任何一种表型均无显着相关性，但较低的 SES 与青春期前 BMI 增加有关。没有交互通过多次测试的更正。来自成人 GWAS 荟萃分析的多基因风险评分与青少年的 BMI 相关，表明存在稳定的遗传成分。青春期前的 BMI 与社会环境有关，但父母的态度至多只有很小的影响。来自成人 GWAS 荟萃分析的多基因风险评分与青少年的 BMI 相关，表明存在稳定的遗传成分。青春期前的 BMI 与社会环境有关，但父母的态度至多只有很小的影响。来自成人 GWAS 荟萃分析的多基因风险评分与青少年的 BMI 相关，表明存在稳定的遗传成分。青春期前的 BMI 与社会环境有关，但父母的态度至多只有很小的影响。