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Unexpected reversal of C3versus C4grass response to elevated CO2during a 20-year field experiment
Science ( IF 44.7 ) Pub Date : 2018-04-19 , DOI: 10.1126/science.aas9313
Peter B. Reich 1, 2 , Sarah E. Hobbie 3 , Tali D. Lee 4 , Melissa A. Pastore 3
Affiliation  

A short-term trend reversed Theory and empirical data both support the paradigm that C4 plant species (in which the first product of carbon fixation is a four-carbon molecule) benefit less from rising carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations than C3 species (in which the first product is a three-carbon molecule). This is because their different photosynthetic physiologies respond differently to atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Reich et al. document a reversal of this pattern in a 20-year CO2 enrichment experiment using grassland plots with each type of plant (see the Perspective by Hovenden and Newton). Over the first 12 years, biomass increased with elevated CO2 in C3 plots but not C4 plots, as expected. But over the next 8 years, the pattern reversed: Biomass increased in C4 plots but not C3 plots. Thus, even the best-supported short-term drivers of plant response to global change might not predict long-term results. Science, this issue p. 317; see also p. 263 Responses to elevated CO2 levels in C3 and C4 grasses reverse after 12 years, raising questions about long-term plant responses to global change. Theory predicts and evidence shows that plant species that use the C4 photosynthetic pathway (C4 species) are less responsive to elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2) than species that use only the C3 pathway (C3 species). We document a reversal from this expected C3-C4 contrast. Over the first 12 years of a 20-year free-air CO2 enrichment experiment with 88 C3 or C4 grassland plots, we found that biomass was markedly enhanced at eCO2 relative to ambient CO2 in C3 but not C4 plots, as expected. During the subsequent 8 years, the pattern reversed: Biomass was markedly enhanced at eCO2 relative to ambient CO2 in C4 but not C3 plots. Soil net nitrogen mineralization rates, an index of soil nitrogen supply, exhibited a similar shift: eCO2 first enhanced but later depressed rates in C3 plots, with the opposite true in C4 plots, partially explaining the reversal of the eCO2 biomass response. These findings challenge the current C3-C4 eCO2 paradigm and show that even the best-supported short-term drivers of plant response to global change might not predict long-term results.

中文翻译:

在 20 年的田间试验中,C3 与 C4grass 对二氧化碳升高的反应意外逆转

短期趋势逆转 理论和经验数据都支持这样一种范式,即 C4 植物物种(其中碳固定的第一个产物是一个四碳分子)从二氧化碳 (CO2) 浓度上升中受益的程度低于 C3 物种(其中第一个产物是一个三碳分子)。这是因为它们不同的光合生理对大气 CO2 浓度的反应不同。赖希等人。在使用草地样地和每种植物的 20 年二氧化碳富集实验中记录了这种模式的逆转(参见 Hovenden 和 Newton 的观点)。正如预期的那样,在前 12 年中,生物量随着 C3 地块中 CO2 的升高而增加,但 C4 地块中没有。但在接下来的 8 年里,这种模式发生了逆转:C4 地块的生物量增加,但 C3 地块没有。因此,即使是工厂对全球变化做出反应的最佳支持的短期驱动因素也可能无法预测长期结果。科学,这个问题 p。第317话 另见第。263 对 C3 和 C4 草中二氧化碳浓度升高的反应在 12 年后逆转,引发了关于植物对全球变化的长期反应的问题。理论预测和证据表明,与仅使用 C3 途径的物种(C3 物种)相比,使用 C4 光合途径的植物物种(C4 物种)对升高的二氧化碳 (eCO2) 的响应更小。我们记录了这种预期的 C3-C4 对比度的逆转。在对 88 个 C3 或 C4 草地进行的为期 20 年的自由空气 CO2 富集实验的前 12 年中,我们发现在 eCO2 下的生物量相对于 C3 中的环境 CO2 显着增强,但与预期的一样,C4 地块中没有。在随后的 8 年中,这种模式发生了逆转:相对于 C4 中的环境 CO2,eCO2 下的生物量显着增强,但 C3 地块中没有。土壤净氮矿化率(土壤氮供应指数)表现出类似的变化:eCO2 在 C3 地块中首先增加但后来降低速率,而在 C4 地块中则相反,部分解释了 eCO2 生物量响应的逆转。这些发现挑战了当前的 C3-C4 eCO2 范式,并表明即使是植物对全球变化响应的最佳支持的短期驱动因素也可能无法预测长期结果。部分解释了 eCO2 生物量响应的逆转。这些发现挑战了当前的 C3-C4 eCO2 范式,并表明即使是植物对全球变化响应的最佳支持的短期驱动因素也可能无法预测长期结果。部分解释了 eCO2 生物量响应的逆转。这些发现挑战了当前的 C3-C4 eCO2 范式,并表明即使是植物对全球变化响应的最佳支持的短期驱动因素也可能无法预测长期结果。
更新日期:2018-04-19
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