Two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides known as MXenes, with a general formula of M_n+1X_n (n = 1–3), integrate the advantages of metallic conductive transition metals with large groups of carbides, nitrides, or carbonitrides. They have led to a burgeoning research interest in biomedical applications due to their ultrathin structure and fascinating physiochemical (electronic, optical, magnetic, etc.) properties. In this review, we summarize recent advances in biomedical applications for MXenes. We first introduce the preparation methods and surface modifications with respect to MXenes. Their unique properties are then elaborated. Thirdly, we highlight their various biomedical applications, such as with biosensors, antibacterial materials, bioimaging probes, therapeutics, and theranostics. In the end, the current challenges and new opportunities for MXenes in regard to their biomedical applications are also discussed.

中文翻译：

---

生物医学应用的二维过渡金属碳化物和氮化物（MXenes）

二维过渡金属碳化物和氮化物，称为MXene，通式为M _{n +1} X _n（n = 1-3），结合了金属导电过渡金属的优点，其中包含大量的碳化物，氮化物或碳氮化物。由于其超薄的结构和令人着迷的理化特性（电子，光学，磁性等），它们引起了对生物医学应用的新兴研究兴趣。） 特性。在这篇综述中，我们总结了MXenes在生物医学应用中的最新进展。我们首先介绍有关MXene的制备方法和表面改性。然后阐述它们的独特属性。第三，我们重点介绍它们的各种生物医学应用，例如生物传感器，抗菌材料，生物成像探针，治疗剂和治疗诊断学。最后，还讨论了MXene在生物医学应用方面的当前挑战和新机遇。