Low self-control is associated with increased consumption of alcohol, tobacco, and unhealthy food. This systematic review aimed to assess whether individual differences in self-control modify the effectiveness of interventions to reduce consumption of these products, and hence their potential to reduce consumption amongst those whose consumption is generally greater. Searches of six databases were supplemented with snowball searches and forward citation tracking. Narrative synthesis summarised findings by: consumption behaviour (alcohol, tobacco, food); psychological processes targeted by the intervention (reflective, non-reflective, or both); and study design (experiment, cohort, or cross-sectional). Of 54 eligible studies, 22 reported no evidence of modification, 18 reported interventions to be less effective in those with low self-control, and 14 reported interventions to be more effective in those with low self-control. This pattern did not differ from chance. Whilst self-control often influenced intervention outcomes, there was no consistent pattern of effects, even when stratifying studies by consumption behaviour, intervention type, or study design. There was a notable absence of evidence regarding interventions that restructure physical or economic environments. In summary, a heterogeneous, low-quality evidence base suggests an inconsistent moderating effect of low self-control on the effectiveness of interventions to change consumption behaviours.

中文翻译：

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自我控制会改变干预措施对改变酒精，烟草和食物消费的影响吗？系统评价

自我控制能力低与酒精，烟草和不健康食品的摄入量增加有关。这项系统的评估旨在评估自我控制方面的个体差异是否会改变干预措施的有效性，以减少这些产品的消费量，从而降低那些通常消费量较大的产品中减少消费量的潜力。对六个数据库的搜索得到了滚雪球搜索和正向引文跟踪的补充。叙述性合成通过以下方式总结了发现：消费行为（酒精，烟草，食物）；干预所针对的心理过程（反思性，非反思性或两者兼有）；并研究设计（实验，同类研究或横断面研究）。在54项符合条件的研究中，有22项报告没有任何改变的证据，有18项报告了对自我控制能力低的干预措施的效果较差，另有14篇报道的干预措施在自我控制能力低的人群中更为有效。这种模式与偶然性没有什么不同。尽管自我控制通常会影响干预效果，但没有一致的效果模式，即使按消费行为，干预类型或研究设计对研究进行分层也是如此。关于重组有形或经济环境的干预措施，没有明显的证据。总而言之，一个异质的，低质量的证据基础表明，低自我控制对改变消费行为的干预措施的有效性具有不一致的调节作用。即使按消费行为，干预类型或研究设计对研究进行分层。关于重组有形或经济环境的干预措施，没有明显的证据。总而言之，一个异质的，低质量的证据基础表明，低自我控制对改变消费行为的干预措施的有效性具有不一致的调节作用。即使按消费行为，干预类型或研究设计对研究进行分层。关于重组有形或经济环境的干预措施，没有明显的证据。总而言之，一个异质的，低质量的证据基础表明，低自我控制对改变消费行为的干预措施的有效性具有不一致的调节作用。