The shape, size, and size distribution of nano- and microstructures formed by the self-assembly of small molecules are crucial factors that govern their chemical and physical properties. Understanding these factors can reveal the correlations between the supramolecular structure and the emergent properties and may realize innovative new materials. Hence, the formation processes and syntheses of nano- and microstructures consisting of various functional molecules have been actively studied. Herein, we report the bottom-up preparation and functions of nano- and microstructures formed by the self-assembly of cyclodextrins (CDs), which are cyclic oligosaccharides. Reprecipitation and electrospinning methods produce various supramolecular structures based on CDs. The assembly modes of CD molecules and their morphologies remarkably affect the properties and functions of the supramolecular structures. In particular, γ-CD-based supramolecular structures achieve the inclusion of guest molecules dissolved in oils, which is difficult to achieve with a single-CD molecule. Furthermore, cubic γ-CD structures show excellent dispersibility in oils, forming organogels in various oils, and organic solvents at ambient temperature. These studies indicate that the construction and morphological control of self-assembled CD structures can effectively realize the potential function of CD molecules and open new fields in oligosaccharide chemistry and supramolecular chemistry.The bottom-up preparation methods and functions of nano- and microstructures formed by the self-assembly of cyclic oligosaccharides ‘cyclodextrins (CDs)’ are overviewed in this review. Reprecipitation and electrospinning methods produce various supramolecular structures based on CDs. The CD supramolecular structures exhibit a variety of functions such as organogelation and pollutant removal, depending on the morphologies. Additionally, the CD-assembled structures can be used as a template for fabricating hollow polymer structures.

中文翻译：

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通过环状低聚糖的分子组装制备纳米和微结构

由小分子自组装形成的纳米和微结构的形状、尺寸和尺寸分布是决定其化学和物理性质的关键因素。了解这些因素可以揭示超分子结构与突现性质之间的相关性，并可能实现创新的新材料。因此，已经积极研究了由各种功能分子组成的纳米和微结构的形成过程和合成。在此，我们报告了由环状低聚糖环糊精 (CD) 自组装形成的纳米和微结构的自下而上的制备和功能。再沉淀和静电纺丝方法可产生各种基于 CD 的超分子结构。CD分子的组装方式及其形态显着影响超分子结构的性质和功能。特别是基于γ-CD的超分子结构实现了包含溶解在油中的客体分子，这是单CD分子难以实现的。此外，立方γ-CD结构在油中表现出优异的分散性，在环境温度下在各种油和有机溶剂中形成有机凝胶。这些研究表明，自组装CD结构的构建和形态控制可以有效地实现CD分子的潜在功能，开辟低聚糖化学和超分子化学的新领域。本综述综述了环状​​低聚糖“环糊精（CDs）”自组装形成的纳米结构和微结构的自下而上的制备方法和功能。再沉淀和静电纺丝方法可产生各种基于 CD 的超分子结构。CD 超分子结构根据形态表现出多种功能，例如有机凝胶化和污染物去除。此外，CD 组装结构可用作制造中空聚合物结构的模板。