Building energy reduction requires highly advanced low heat loss, heat gain and comfortable daylight allowing glazing. Presently available glazing systems are classified mainly in two categories, controlling solar heat gain and controlling low heat loss. Low heat loss through glazing systems can be achieved by (i) suppression of convection in the air between the outer panes by use of multiple glass panes or aerogels, (ii) having an inert gas or vacuum between the panes to reduce or eliminate respectively convective heat transfer. In all these systems, low emissivity coatings are also required to reduce the radiative heat transfer. Low heat glazing allows large areas of a building facade to be glazed without large attendant heat losses. However, they require the addition of an ability to switch from transparent to opaque to avoid excessive solar heat gain and to control glare. Electrically actuated electrochromic, liquid crystal and suspended particle device glazing systems and non-electrically-actuated thermochromic, thermotropic, and gasochromic glazing systems offer control of solar heat gain control and daylight. Recent relevant developments are reviewed with the contemporary status of each technology provided.

中文翻译：

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用于自适应低能耗建筑的可切换和高度绝缘的自主（自供电）玻璃系统的进展

建筑节能需要高度先进的低热损失、热增益和舒适的日光允许玻璃。目前可用的玻璃系统主要分为两类，控制太阳能得热和控制低热损失。可以通过以下方式实现通过玻璃系统的低热损失 (i) 通过使用多个玻璃板或气凝胶抑制外部玻璃板之间的空气对流，(ii) 在玻璃板之间具有惰性气体或真空以减少或消除各自的对流传播热量。在所有这些系统中，还需要低辐射涂层来减少辐射传热。低热玻璃允许建筑物立面的大面积上釉而不会产生大量的热损失。然而，它们需要增加从透明切换到不透明的能力，以避免过多的太阳热量增益并控制眩光。电致动电致变色、液晶和悬浮粒子装置玻璃系统和非电致动热致变色、热致变色和气致变色玻璃系统提供对太阳得热控制和日光的控制。最近的相关发展与所提供的每种技术的当代状态一起进行了审查。