Abstract Enhancement of nucleate pool boiling by modifying fluid properties has drawn considerable attention in recent years. This paper provides a comprehensive review of published literature concerning enhancement methodologies of surfactant and polymer additives, and nanofluids. Each method is discussed in detail in terms of measured impact on the nucleate boiling heat transfer coefficient and critical heat flux (CHF), mechanisms proposed for any heat transfer enhancement, and predictive models. It is shown that adding surfactant to base liquid shifts the nucleate boiling region of the boiling curve towards lower surface superheats, thereby promoting earlier boiling incipience and increasing the nucleate boiling heat transfer coefficient, but the heat transfer merits of polymer addition are polymer specific. Despite significant enhancement in CHF with most nanofluids, there are many contradictory findings concerning influence of nanofluids on nucleate boiling heat transfer coefficient. These contradictions are the result of many complex influences of base liquid, nanoparticles, and initial surface roughness. Despite the potential heat transfer benefits of nanofluids, there are several serious practical concerns that must be considered carefully before deploying nanofluids in practical cooling applications.

中文翻译：

---

添加剂和纳米流体增强池沸腾的综述

摘要 近年来，通过改变流体性质来增强核池沸腾引起了广泛关注。本文对有关表面活性剂和聚合物添加剂以及纳米流体的增强方法的已发表文献进行了全面回顾。根据对核沸腾传热系数和临界热通量 (CHF) 的测量影响、为任何传热增强提出的机制和预测模型，详细讨论了每种方法。结果表明，在基液中加入表面活性剂会使沸腾曲线的核沸腾区域向较低的表面过热度移动，从而促进更早的沸腾开始并增加核沸腾传热系数，但聚合物添加的传热优点是聚合物特定的。尽管大多数纳米流体显着增强了 CHF，但关于纳米流体对核沸腾传热系数的影响存在许多相互矛盾的发现。这些矛盾是基液、纳米颗粒和初始表面粗糙度等多种复杂影响的结果。尽管纳米流体具有潜在的传热优势，但在实际冷却应用中部署纳米流体之前，必须仔细考虑几个严重的实际问题。