Abstract As a common physical phenomenon, frost deposition is inevitable and always has significant negative effects on several industry fields, such as aerospace, aviation, and heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration. To accurately predict and control a frosting–defrosting cycle, there is a need to understand the interrelated heat, mass, and momentum transport phenomena within the frost and at the air–frost interface, which is a moving boundary condition. Consequently, during the past several decades, there has been a continuous effort to advance the understanding and modeling of frost formation on cold surfaces on the basis of experimental, semi-empirical, theoretical, and numerical approaches. To provide an overview of the analytical tools for scholars, researchers, product developers, and policy designers, a review and a comparative analysis of the available literature on frosting characteristics, correlations, and mathematical models are presented in this study. The mechanisms of the frost formation process and its influence will be first introduced, followed by the presentation of methods for the measurement of the frost layer thickness and the frosting rate. Then, the frost characteristics, including the accumulation, the density, the thermal conductivity and morphology, and the heat and mass transfer coefficients, will be summarized. The existing gaps in the research works on frost will be identified, and recommendations will be offered as per the viewpoint of the present authors. Finally, the conclusions of this study will be given.

中文翻译：

---

霜冻特性测量与计算综述

摘要 结霜作为一种普遍的物理现象，在航天、航空、采暖、通风、空调、制冷等多个工业领域中不可避免地产生着显着的负面影响。为了准确预测和控制霜-除霜循环，需要了解霜内和空气-霜界面处相互关联的热量、质量和动量传输现象，这是一个移动边界条件。因此，在过去的几十年中，一直致力于基于实验、半经验、理论和数值方法来推进对寒冷表面霜冻形成的理解和建模。为学者、研究人员、产品开发人员和政策设计人员提供分析工具的概述，本研究对有关结霜特性、相关性和数学模型的现有文献进行了回顾和比较分析。首先介绍结霜过程的机理及其影响，然后介绍霜层厚度和结霜率的测量方法。然后，将总结霜的特征，包括积聚、密度、导热性和形态以及传热和传质系数。将找出霜冻研究工作中存在的差距，并根据当前作者的观点提出建议。最后，将给出本研究的结论。并在本研究中提出了数学模型。首先介绍结霜过程的机理及其影响，然后介绍霜层厚度和结霜率的测量方法。然后，将总结霜的特征，包括积聚、密度、导热性和形态以及传热和传质系数。将找出霜冻研究工作中存在的差距，并根据当前作者的观点提出建议。最后，将给出本研究的结论。并在本研究中提出了数学模型。首先介绍结霜过程的机理及其影响，然后介绍霜层厚度和结霜率的测量方法。然后，将总结霜的特征，包括积聚、密度、导热性和形态以及传热和传质系数。将找出霜冻研究工作中存在的差距，并根据当前作者的观点提出建议。最后，将给出本研究的结论。随后介绍了测量霜层厚度和结霜率的方法。然后，将总结霜的特征，包括积聚、密度、导热性和形态以及传热和传质系数。将找出霜冻研究工作中存在的差距，并根据当前作者的观点提出建议。最后，将给出本研究的结论。随后介绍了测量霜层厚度和结霜率的方法。然后，将总结霜的特征，包括积聚、密度、导热性和形态以及传热和传质系数。将找出霜冻研究工作中存在的差距，并根据当前作者的观点提出建议。最后，将给出本研究的结论。